Estimasi Energi Tenaga Kerja Manusia dalam Budidaya Tomat Servow dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes di Nusa Tenggara Timur
Budidaya tomat, Denyut nadi, Energi fisiologis, Ergonomi, Irigasi tetes, Tenaga kerja
Abstrak
Budidaya tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) merupakan salah satu kegiatan pertanian yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi dan membutuhkan efisiensi sumber daya, khususnya di daerah dengan keterbatasan air dan tenaga kerja seperti Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi energi atau tenaga kerja manusia yang dikeluarkan pada setiap tahapan budidaya tomat Servow hingga fase vegetatif dengan menggunakan sistem irigasi tetes. Metode yang digunakan meliputi survei, wawancara, observasi lapangan, serta pengukuran denyut nadi sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas. Estimasi energi dihitung menggunakan rumus fisiologis berdasarkan perbedaan denyut nadi, durasi kerja, berat badan, dan umur tenaga kerja. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tahap perawatan tanaman memerlukan energi tertinggi sebesar 360,49 kkal, diikuti oleh tahap persiapan lahan (229,35 kkal), pemasangan irigasi (148,52 kkal), pengairan (147,00 kkal), dan penanaman (46,04 kkal). Aktivitas berintensitas tinggi seperti pemasangan ajir dan pembersihan gulma menyebabkan peningkatan denyut nadi hingga 40 denyut/menit. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya penerapan prinsip ergonomi dan manajemen beban kerja dalam sistem pertanian berkelanjutan, serta menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara intensitas kerja fisik dan pengeluaran energi.
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Referensi
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Lavallée-Bourget, M. H., Campeau-Lecours, A., Tittley, J., Bielmann, M., Bouyer, L. J., & Roy, J. S. (2022). The use of a three-dimensional dynamic arm support prevents the development of muscle fatigue during repetitive manual tasks in healthy individuals. PLoS ONE, 17(4 April). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0266390,
Moursy, M. A. M., ElFetyany, M., Meleha, A. M. I., & El-Bialy, M. A. (2023). Productivity and profitability of modern irrigation methods through the application of on-farm drip irrigation on some crops in the Northern Nile Delta of Egypt. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 62, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AEJ.2022.06.063
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Park, S., Lee, J., & Lee, J. H. (2021). Insufficient Rest Breaks at Workplace and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Kitchen Workers. Safety and Health at Work, 12(2), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SHAW.2021.01.012
Qin, C., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Lyu, D., Liu, N., Xing, S., & Wang, F. (2022). Anti-Clogging Performance Optimization for Shunt-Hedging Drip Irrigation Emitters Based on Water–Sand Motion Characteristics. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 3901, 14(23), 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14233901
Shi, K., Zhangzhong, L., Han, F., Zhang, S., Guo, R., & Yao, X. (2023). Reducing Emitter Clogging in Drip Fertigation Systems by Magnetization Technology. Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 3712, 15(4), 3712. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU15043712
Skovlund, S. V., Bláfoss, R., Skals, S., Jakobsen, M. D., & Andersen, L. L. (2022). Technical field measurements of muscular workload during stocking activities in supermarkets: cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-04879-8,
Sláma, D., Mergl, V., & Pavlíková, E. A. (2023). Analysis of the Heart Rate of Operators of Forwarding Machines during Work Activities. Forests 2023, Vol. 14, Page 1348, 14(7), 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/F14071348
Tuong, T. P., & Bhuiyan, S. I. (1999). Increasing water-use efficiency in rice production: Farm-level perspectives. Agricultural Water Management, 40(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(98)00091-2
Umstätter, C., Mann, S., & Werner, J. (2022). A simple measure for workload as a social sustainability indicator for family farms. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 14, 100180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDIC.2022.100180
Zamani, S., Fatahi, R., & Provenzano, G. (2022). A Comprehensive Model for Hydraulic Analysis and Wetting Patterns Simulation under Subsurface Drip Laterals. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 1965, 14(12), 1965. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14121965
Zhu, J., Xu, N., Siddique, K. H. M., Zhang, Z., & Niu, W. (2022). Aerated drip irrigation improves water and nitrogen uptake efficiencies of tomato roots with associated changes in the antioxidant system. Scientia Horticulturae, 306, 111471. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2022.111471
Bai, C., Yao, L., Wang, C., Zhao, Y., & Peng, W. (2022). Optimization of Water and Energy Spatial Patterns in the Cascade Pump Station Irrigation District. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 4943, 14(9), 4943. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14094943
Bian, J., Toyota, M., & Morokuma, M. (2023). Effect of flood and drip irrigation and difference of previous crop residue input on morphological and physiological traits in rice root. Plant Production Science, 26(3), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2023.2231502
Cristóbal-Muñoz, I., Prado-Hernández, J. V., Martínez-Ruiz, A., Pascual-Ramírez, F., Cristóbal-Acevedo, D., & Cristóbal-Muñoz, D. (2022). An Improved Empirical Model for Estimating the Geometry of the Soil Wetting Front with Surface Drip Irrigation. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 1827, 14(11), 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14111827
Fan, L. J., Liu, S., Jin, T., Gan, J. G., Wang, F. Y., Wang, H. T., & Lin, T. (2022). Ergonomic risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders in clinical physiotherapy. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1083609. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPUBH.2022.1083609
Hashem, M. S., Guo, W., Qi, X., & Li, P. (2022). Assessing the Effect of Irrigation with Reclaimed Water Using Different Irrigation Techniques on Tomatoes Quality Parameters. Sustainability, 14(5), 1–19. https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i5p2856-d761692.html
Hogan, C., O’Brien, B., Kinsella, J., & Beecher, M. (2023). Longitudinal measures of labour time-use on pasture-based dairy farms, incorporating the impact of specific facilities and technologies. Animal, 17(4), 100747. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIMAL.2023.100747
Hong, M., Zhang, Z., Fu, Q., & Liu, Y. (2022). Water Requirement of Solar Greenhouse Tomatoes with Drip Irrigation under Mulch in the Southwest of the Taklimakan Desert. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 3050, 14(19), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14193050
Indumathi, N., & Ramalakshmi, R. (2021). An Evaluation of Work Posture and Musculoskeletal Disorder Risk Level Identification for the Fireworks Industry Worker’s. 2021 9th International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions), ICRITO 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRITO51393.2021.9596532
Korshøj, M., Baumann, M., Olsen, M. H., & Mortensen, O. S. (2022). P05-15 Effects on heart rate, physical activity and ambulatory blood pressure from occupational physical activity with and without lifting among farmers in Denmark. The European Journal of Public Health, 32(Suppl 2), ckac095.082. https://doi.org/10.1093/EURPUB/CKAC095.082
Lavallée-Bourget, M. H., Campeau-Lecours, A., Tittley, J., Bielmann, M., Bouyer, L. J., & Roy, J. S. (2022). The use of a three-dimensional dynamic arm support prevents the development of muscle fatigue during repetitive manual tasks in healthy individuals. PLoS ONE, 17(4 April). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0266390,
Moursy, M. A. M., ElFetyany, M., Meleha, A. M. I., & El-Bialy, M. A. (2023). Productivity and profitability of modern irrigation methods through the application of on-farm drip irrigation on some crops in the Northern Nile Delta of Egypt. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 62, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AEJ.2022.06.063
Mukherjee, S., Dash, P. K., Das, D., & Das, S. (2023). Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Tomato as Influenced by Deficit Irrigation Water Management. Environmental Processes, 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40710-023-00624-Z/METRICS
Okuda, M., Kawamoto, Y., Tado, H., Fujita, Y., & Inomata, Y. (2023). Energy Expenditure Estimation for Forestry Workers Moving on Flat and Inclined Ground. Forests, 14(5), 1038. https://doi.org/10.3390/F14051038/S1
Park, J. W., Kang, M. Y., Kim, J. Il, Hwang, J. H., Choi, S. S., & Cho, S. S. (2022). Influence of coexposure to long working hours and ergonomic risk factors on musculoskeletal symptoms: an interaction analysis. BMJ Open, 12(5), e055186. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-055186,
Park, S., Lee, J., & Lee, J. H. (2021). Insufficient Rest Breaks at Workplace and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Korean Kitchen Workers. Safety and Health at Work, 12(2), 225–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SHAW.2021.01.012
Qin, C., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Lyu, D., Liu, N., Xing, S., & Wang, F. (2022). Anti-Clogging Performance Optimization for Shunt-Hedging Drip Irrigation Emitters Based on Water–Sand Motion Characteristics. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 3901, 14(23), 3901. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14233901
Shi, K., Zhangzhong, L., Han, F., Zhang, S., Guo, R., & Yao, X. (2023). Reducing Emitter Clogging in Drip Fertigation Systems by Magnetization Technology. Sustainability 2023, Vol. 15, Page 3712, 15(4), 3712. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU15043712
Skovlund, S. V., Bláfoss, R., Skals, S., Jakobsen, M. D., & Andersen, L. L. (2022). Technical field measurements of muscular workload during stocking activities in supermarkets: cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-04879-8,
Sláma, D., Mergl, V., & Pavlíková, E. A. (2023). Analysis of the Heart Rate of Operators of Forwarding Machines during Work Activities. Forests 2023, Vol. 14, Page 1348, 14(7), 1348. https://doi.org/10.3390/F14071348
Tuong, T. P., & Bhuiyan, S. I. (1999). Increasing water-use efficiency in rice production: Farm-level perspectives. Agricultural Water Management, 40(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(98)00091-2
Umstätter, C., Mann, S., & Werner, J. (2022). A simple measure for workload as a social sustainability indicator for family farms. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 14, 100180. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDIC.2022.100180
Zamani, S., Fatahi, R., & Provenzano, G. (2022). A Comprehensive Model for Hydraulic Analysis and Wetting Patterns Simulation under Subsurface Drip Laterals. Water 2022, Vol. 14, Page 1965, 14(12), 1965. https://doi.org/10.3390/W14121965
Zhu, J., Xu, N., Siddique, K. H. M., Zhang, Z., & Niu, W. (2022). Aerated drip irrigation improves water and nitrogen uptake efficiencies of tomato roots with associated changes in the antioxidant system. Scientia Horticulturae, 306, 111471. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCIENTA.2022.111471
Diterbitkan sejak
21-06-2025
Rekomendasi Sitasi
Fatin, O., Koehuan, J., Dethan, J., & Kette, A. (2025). Estimasi Energi Tenaga Kerja Manusia dalam Budidaya Tomat Servow dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v13i1.612
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