Pengelolaan Bioenergi Berbasis Kayu Lokal: Integrasi Kajian Teknis dan Sosial di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia–Timor Leste
Bioenergi, Daerah Perbatasan, Energi Berkelanjutan, Kadar Abu, Kadar Air, Kayu Bakar
Abstrak
Ketergantungan masyarakat perbatasan terhadap kayu bakar sebagai sumber energi utama masih tinggi akibat keterbatasan akses energi modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi bioenergi dari tiga jenis kayu lokal yang umum digunakan masyarakat di Desa Alas Selatan, Kecamatan Kobalima Timur, Kabupaten Malaka, Nusa Tenggara Timur, yaitu Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), Jati (Tectona grandis), dan Asam (Tamarindus indica). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Uji laboratorium dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar air dan kadar abu sebagai indikator efisiensi pembakaran. Observasi dan wawancara dilakukan untuk menggali praktik masyarakat dalam pengumpulan dan penyimpanan kayu bakar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ketiga jenis kayu memiliki kadar air yang rendah (<8%), dengan kayu Asam memiliki kadar air terendah sebesar 7,57%. Dari sisi kadar abu, Lamtoro menonjol sebagai yang paling efisien dengan kadar abu hanya 1,3%, diikuti Jati (2,355%) dan Asam (4,725%). Masyarakat menggunakan metode penyimpanan kayu yang adaptif terhadap kondisi lingkungan, seperti menyimpan kayu di bawah rumah panggung dan di atas para-para dapur untuk mempercepat proses pengeringan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan bioenergi berbasis kayu lokal memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi alternatif energi berkelanjutan di wilayah perbatasan, terutama jika didukung oleh edukasi teknis dan kebijakan konservasi yang tepat.
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Referensi
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BPS Kab. Malaka (2025). Kecamatan Kobalima Timur Dalam Angka 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Malaka. https://malakakab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/cd62f7459ae54bd673070903/kecamatan-malaka-timur-dalam-angka-2024.html
de Castro, V. R., Surdi, P. G., Fernandes, S. A., da Silva Berger, M., Vinha Zanuncio, A. J., Zanuncio, J. C., & de Oliveira Araujo, S. (2022). Chemical composition of heartwood and sapwood of Tectona grandis characterized by CG/MS-PY. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-22800-1
Dethan, J. J. S. (2024a). Evaluation of an empirical model for predicting the calorific value of biomass briquettes from candlenut shells and kesambi twigs. Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE), 7(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2024.007.03.6
Dethan, J. J. S. (2024b). Statistical models for predicting the higher heating value of torrefied kesambi leaves. Journal of Water and Land Development, (63), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.151793
Dethan, J. J. S., Bale-Therik, J. F., Lalel, H. J. D., & Telupere, F. M. S. (2024). Optimization of Particle Size of Torrefied Kesambi Leaf and Binder Ratio on the Quality of Biobriquettes,12(1),1-21 https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d12.0490
Dethan, J. J. S., Bale-Therik, J. F., Telupere, F. S., Lalel, H. J. D., & Adisasmito, S. (2024). Characteristics of kesambi leaf torrefaction biomass. 050016. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193717
Dethan, J. J. S., Haba Bunga, F. J., Ledo, M. E. S., & Abineno, J. C. (2024). Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 13(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i1.102-113
Doumecq, M. B., Jiménez-Escobar, N. D., Morales, D., & Ladio, A. (2023). Much More Than Firewood: Woody Plants in Household Well-Being Among Rural Communities in Argentina. Journal of Ethnobiology, 43(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/02780771231176065
Goenaga, I., García-Rodríguez, A., Goiri, I., León-Ecay, S., De Las Heras, J., Aldai, N., & Insausti, K. (2023). Vegetable By-Products as Alternative and Sustainable Raw Materials for Ruminant Feeding: Nutritive Evaluation and Their Inclusion in a Novel Ration for Calf Fattening. Animals 2023, Vol. 13, Page 1391, 13(8), 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI13081391
Gusamo, B. K., & Towalis, K. A. (2022). A Comparative Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics of Araucaria cunninghamii, Intsia bijuga and Pometia pinnata for Bio-Energy Source. Forests 2022, Vol. 13, Page 563, 13(4), 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/F13040563
Hikam, M. A. S., (2019). Ketahanan Energi Indonesia 2015-2025: Tantangan Dan Harapan. Retrieved May 20, 2025, from https://www.academia.edu/11916231/KETAHANAN_ENERGI_INDONESIA_2015_2025_TANTANGAN_DAN_HARAPAN
Horacek, M., Magdas, D. A., Ondreickova, K., Hölzl, S., & Wunderlin, D. A. (2022). Editorial: Identification and control of the geographic origin of plant materials: Investigation of ambient influences and environmental selection. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 985249. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2022.985249
Jawahar, J. V., K. T, P., S, U. K., S, R., Kumar, U., & Farooq, T. H. (2022). Characterizing the Morphological Descriptors of Thirty Seed Sources of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Concerning Sustainable Forestry. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 12012, 14(19), 12012. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU141912012
Kette, A. U. S., Dethan, J. J. S., Bunga, F. J. H., Banfatin, N., & Purwadi, R. (2024). Adding adhesive on making of waste bricket of eucalyptus oil refining. THE 7TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: The 15th Asian Congress on Biotechnology in Conjunction with the 7th International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (ACB-ISBE 2022), 3080. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195318
Njenga, M., Sears, R. R., & Mendum, R. (2023). Sustainable woodfuel systems: a theory of change for sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Research Communications, 5(5), 051003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ACD0F3
Rahimi, S., Singh, K., Devallance, D., Chu, D., & Bahmani, M. (2022). Drying Behavior of Hardwood Components (Sapwood, Heartwood, and Bark) of Red Oak and Yellow-Poplar. Forests, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/F13050722
Rojas-Sandoval, J., & Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2022). Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena). https://doi.org/10.1079/FC.31634.20210114111
Sarabia-Salgado, L., Solorio-Sánchez, F., Ramírez-Avilés, L., Alves, B. J. R., Ku-Vera, J., Aguilar-Pérez, C., Urquiaga, S., & Boddey, R. M. (2020). Increase in Milk Yield from Cows through Improvement of Forage Production Using the N2-Fixing Legume Leucaena leucocephala in a Silvopastoral System. Animals 2020, Vol. 10, Page 734, 10(4), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI10040734
Sariguna Johnson Kennedy, P., Josephine LTobing, S., LToruan, R., & Tampubolon, E., (2015). Analisa Kondisi Ketahanan Energi Di Perbatasan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dengan Negara Timor Leste. IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA, 2(3), 104-110.
Sintayehu Eshetu, A. (2024). Household level fuelwood use and carbon dioxide emissions in Delanta district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1490691. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENVS.2024.1490691
Smołka-Danielowska, D., & Jabłońska, M. (2022). Chemical and mineral composition of ashes from wood biomass combustion in domestic wood-fired furnaces. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(6), 5359–5372. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13762-021-03506-9
Yanuarianto, O., Amin, M., Dilaga, S. H., & Dahlanuddin, D. (2021). Budidaya Lamtoro Sebagai Bank Pakan Sumber Protein di Kecamatan Moyo Utara Kabupaten Sumbawa. Jurnal Gema Ngabdi, 3(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.29303/JGN.V3I1.135
Bunga, F. J. H., Dethan, J. J. S., Bullu, N. I., Hetharia, G. E., & Bunga, E. Z. H. (2024). Comparative analysis of predictive models for Tamarindus indica waste briquettes higher heating value. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 26(1), 345–354. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/195883
BPS Kab. Malaka (2025). Kecamatan Kobalima Timur Dalam Angka 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Malaka. https://malakakab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/cd62f7459ae54bd673070903/kecamatan-malaka-timur-dalam-angka-2024.html
de Castro, V. R., Surdi, P. G., Fernandes, S. A., da Silva Berger, M., Vinha Zanuncio, A. J., Zanuncio, J. C., & de Oliveira Araujo, S. (2022). Chemical composition of heartwood and sapwood of Tectona grandis characterized by CG/MS-PY. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-022-22800-1
Dethan, J. J. S. (2024a). Evaluation of an empirical model for predicting the calorific value of biomass briquettes from candlenut shells and kesambi twigs. Advances in Food Science, Sustainable Agriculture and Agroindustrial Engineering (AFSSAAE), 7(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.AFSSAAE.2024.007.03.6
Dethan, J. J. S. (2024b). Statistical models for predicting the higher heating value of torrefied kesambi leaves. Journal of Water and Land Development, (63), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.24425/jwld.2024.151793
Dethan, J. J. S., Bale-Therik, J. F., Lalel, H. J. D., & Telupere, F. M. S. (2024). Optimization of Particle Size of Torrefied Kesambi Leaf and Binder Ratio on the Quality of Biobriquettes,12(1),1-21 https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d12.0490
Dethan, J. J. S., Bale-Therik, J. F., Telupere, F. S., Lalel, H. J. D., & Adisasmito, S. (2024). Characteristics of kesambi leaf torrefaction biomass. 050016. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0193717
Dethan, J. J. S., Haba Bunga, F. J., Ledo, M. E. S., & Abineno, J. C. (2024). Characteristics of Residence Time of the Torrefaction Process on the Results of Pruning Kesambi Trees. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering), 13(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i1.102-113
Doumecq, M. B., Jiménez-Escobar, N. D., Morales, D., & Ladio, A. (2023). Much More Than Firewood: Woody Plants in Household Well-Being Among Rural Communities in Argentina. Journal of Ethnobiology, 43(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/02780771231176065
Goenaga, I., García-Rodríguez, A., Goiri, I., León-Ecay, S., De Las Heras, J., Aldai, N., & Insausti, K. (2023). Vegetable By-Products as Alternative and Sustainable Raw Materials for Ruminant Feeding: Nutritive Evaluation and Their Inclusion in a Novel Ration for Calf Fattening. Animals 2023, Vol. 13, Page 1391, 13(8), 1391. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI13081391
Gusamo, B. K., & Towalis, K. A. (2022). A Comparative Evaluation of Combustion Characteristics of Araucaria cunninghamii, Intsia bijuga and Pometia pinnata for Bio-Energy Source. Forests 2022, Vol. 13, Page 563, 13(4), 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/F13040563
Hikam, M. A. S., (2019). Ketahanan Energi Indonesia 2015-2025: Tantangan Dan Harapan. Retrieved May 20, 2025, from https://www.academia.edu/11916231/KETAHANAN_ENERGI_INDONESIA_2015_2025_TANTANGAN_DAN_HARAPAN
Horacek, M., Magdas, D. A., Ondreickova, K., Hölzl, S., & Wunderlin, D. A. (2022). Editorial: Identification and control of the geographic origin of plant materials: Investigation of ambient influences and environmental selection. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 985249. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2022.985249
Jawahar, J. V., K. T, P., S, U. K., S, R., Kumar, U., & Farooq, T. H. (2022). Characterizing the Morphological Descriptors of Thirty Seed Sources of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Concerning Sustainable Forestry. Sustainability 2022, Vol. 14, Page 12012, 14(19), 12012. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU141912012
Kette, A. U. S., Dethan, J. J. S., Bunga, F. J. H., Banfatin, N., & Purwadi, R. (2024). Adding adhesive on making of waste bricket of eucalyptus oil refining. THE 7TH BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING’S RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOMATERIALS, DRUGS DEVELOPMENT, AND MEDICAL DEVICES: The 15th Asian Congress on Biotechnology in Conjunction with the 7th International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering (ACB-ISBE 2022), 3080. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0195318
Njenga, M., Sears, R. R., & Mendum, R. (2023). Sustainable woodfuel systems: a theory of change for sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental Research Communications, 5(5), 051003. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ACD0F3
Rahimi, S., Singh, K., Devallance, D., Chu, D., & Bahmani, M. (2022). Drying Behavior of Hardwood Components (Sapwood, Heartwood, and Bark) of Red Oak and Yellow-Poplar. Forests, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/F13050722
Rojas-Sandoval, J., & Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2022). Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena). https://doi.org/10.1079/FC.31634.20210114111
Sarabia-Salgado, L., Solorio-Sánchez, F., Ramírez-Avilés, L., Alves, B. J. R., Ku-Vera, J., Aguilar-Pérez, C., Urquiaga, S., & Boddey, R. M. (2020). Increase in Milk Yield from Cows through Improvement of Forage Production Using the N2-Fixing Legume Leucaena leucocephala in a Silvopastoral System. Animals 2020, Vol. 10, Page 734, 10(4), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI10040734
Sariguna Johnson Kennedy, P., Josephine LTobing, S., LToruan, R., & Tampubolon, E., (2015). Analisa Kondisi Ketahanan Energi Di Perbatasan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Dengan Negara Timor Leste. IKRAITH-EKONOMIKA, 2(3), 104-110.
Sintayehu Eshetu, A. (2024). Household level fuelwood use and carbon dioxide emissions in Delanta district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 12, 1490691. https://doi.org/10.3389/FENVS.2024.1490691
Smołka-Danielowska, D., & Jabłońska, M. (2022). Chemical and mineral composition of ashes from wood biomass combustion in domestic wood-fired furnaces. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(6), 5359–5372. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13762-021-03506-9
Yanuarianto, O., Amin, M., Dilaga, S. H., & Dahlanuddin, D. (2021). Budidaya Lamtoro Sebagai Bank Pakan Sumber Protein di Kecamatan Moyo Utara Kabupaten Sumbawa. Jurnal Gema Ngabdi, 3(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.29303/JGN.V3I1.135
Diterbitkan sejak
17-06-2025
Rekomendasi Sitasi
Kehi, M., Dethan, J., Koehuan, J., & Kette, A. (2025). Pengelolaan Bioenergi Berbasis Kayu Lokal: Integrasi Kajian Teknis dan Sosial di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia–Timor Leste. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v13i1.609
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