Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu

Formulasi Edible Film dari Semi Refined Carrageenan Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan Pengemulsi CMC

Fri, 08 May 2026 10:07:26 +0700

Limbah plastik merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius akibat sifatnya yang tidak dapat terurai secara biologis dan bertahan di lingkungan selama ratusan hingga ribuan tahun. Edible film yang berbahan dasar biopolimer dari rumput laut merupakan alternatif kemasan biodegradable yang menjanjikan sebagai pengganti plastik konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi sifat fisik edible film yang diformulasikan dari semi refined carrageenan (SRC) hasil ekstraksi rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dengan penambahan carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) sebagai pengemulsi pada konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,3%, dan 0,5% (b/v) serta gliserin sebagai plasticizer. Karakterisasi fisik dilakukan melalui pengujian kuat tarik, perpanjangan, kelarutan, kadar air, dan ketebalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi CMC secara progresif meningkatkan kuat tarik (10,16–13,76 MPa), kelarutan (80,55–94,44%), dan ketebalan (0,04–0,091 mm), sedangkan perpanjangan mencapai nilai tertinggi pada CMC 0,3% sebesar 34,62% dan kadar air menurun seiring peningkatan konsentrasi CMC (21,78–26,73%). Evaluasi terhadap Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) menunjukkan bahwa edible film yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi persyaratan kuat tarik (minimum 0,39 MPa) dan ketebalan (maksimum 0,25 mm) pada seluruh variasi konsentrasi CMC sedangkan nilai perpanjangan (25,49–34,62%) tidak memenuhi ambang batas minimum JIS sebesar 70%. Optimasi formulasi plasticizer lebih lanjut masih diperlukan untuk meningkatkan fleksibilitas film sebagai bahan kemasan pangan.

Effect Of Tangerine Peel Pectin Addition (Citrus reticulata) On The Physicochemical Characteristics Of Sheet Jam Kepok Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca, L)

Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Tangerine peel is a potential source of pectin in forming sheet jam gel in combination with kepok banana peel, resulting in attractive sheet jam. The study aimed to determine the impact of adding tangerine peel to kepok banana peel on the physicochemical quality of sheet jam. The results revealed that the addition of tangerine peel to kepok banana peel sheet jam significantly influenced its water content, pH, total soluble solids, crude fiber, methoxyl content, and total phenolics. The sheet jam with 0.5 gram tangerine peel pectin was identified as the best treatment, exhibiting a water content of 18.24%, pH 3.67, total soluble solids 21.30 oBrix, crude fiber 4.64%, methoxyl content 11.32%, and total phenolics 6.89 mg GAE/g, all of which are within the desirable range for sheet jam quality.

Analysis of the Sustainability of Rice Farming in Facing the Challenges of Climate Change in Buduran Regency Sidoarjo Regency

Bena Azizah, Mirza Andrian Syah, Mubarokah Mubarokah — Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to assess the sustainability level of rice farming in Buduran District, Sidoarjo Regency, in facing the challenges of climate change. The research was conducted from December 2025 to January 2026 using a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 78 rice farmers selected through multistage random sampling across five villages. Sustainability assessment was carried out using a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method with the RAP-Fish approach, covering three dimensions: economic, social, and environmental, represented by 21 attributes. The robustness of the model was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation, while stress values and coefficients of determination (R²) were used to assess the goodness of fit. The results showed that the overall sustainability index of rice farming in Buduran District was 48.31, indicating a less sustainable category. Partially, the economic (47.70), social (47.42), and environmental (46.78) dimensions also fell into the same category. The environmental dimension showed the lowest sustainability level, reflecting high vulnerability to climate variability and environmental pressure. The stress value (0.13) and R² (0.95) indicated that the MDS model had good reliability and low distortion. These findings suggest that rice farming sustainability in Buduran District has not yet achieved a balanced integration of economic, social, and environmental aspects. Therefore, region-specific climate adaptation strategies are required to enhance the long-term sustainability of rice farming systems.

APPLICATION OF SYMBIOTIC MICROBIA IN IMPROVING THE SUCCESS OF ORCHID PLANT ACCLIMATIZATION

Heny Alpandari, Winda Widyastuti, Luki Nurlaili — Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Acclimatization is a critical stage in the propagation of orchids produced through tissue culture, as plantlets must adapt from in vitro conditions to the ex vitro environment. The use of symbiotic microorganisms has the potential to enhance acclimatization success by improving nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress. This study aimed to analyze the effect of symbiotic bacterial application on the success of orchid plantlet acclimatization. The experiment employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five concentrations of symbiotic bacteria: no bacteria (A0), 2% (A1), 4% (A2), 6% (A3), and 8% (A4), each with ten replications. Observed parameters included survival rate, plantlet height, root length, and total chlorophyll content. The results showed that the application of symbiotic bacteria significantly affected all observed parameters. Treatment A3 produced the highest growth and survival rate, reaching 90%.

The Role of Social Capital in the Women's Farming Group (KWT) Tunas Subur in Salimbatu Village, Bulungan Regency

Nia Kurniasih Suryana, Zulhafandi Zulhafandi — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The women's farmer group is a collection of farmers formed on the basis of similarity, interests, similar environmental conditions, participation, and solidarity, as well as for shared goals. Social capital plays an important role in strengthening institutions by maintaining and building social integration and serving as a social glue within the community. This study aims to determine the role of social capital in the Tunas Subur Women's Farmer Group in Salimbatu Village. The sampling method used the census method, taking one population group as a sample consisting of 15 samples. The analysis used is qualitative descriptive analysis, which includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that social capital plays an important role in strengthening the performance of the Tunas Subur Women's Farmer Group in Salimbatu Village.Elements of trust, mutual cooperation, social networks, norms, and participation promote effective collaboration, enhance group capacity, and support the sustainability of farming. Overall, social capital contributes to strengthening the institutional capacity of the group and improving the welfare of members of the Tunas Subur Women Farmers Group in Salimbatu Village Bulungan Regency.

Keanekaragaman, Dominansi, dan Distribusi Lebah Tanpa Sengat (Meliponini) Pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat Di Desa Karangan Hilir, Kabupaten Kutai Timur

Arbain Arbain, Mufti Perwira Putra, Veronika Murtinah — Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Lebah tanpa sengat (Meliponini) memiliki peran penting sebagai penyerbuk dan penghasil hasil hutan bukan kayu yang bernilai ekologis dan ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman, dominansi, dan pola distribusi lebah tanpa sengat pada berbagai tipe habitat di Desa Karangan Hilir, Kabupaten Kutai Timur. Pengamatan lapangan dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2024 di enam tipe habitat, yaitu hutan karst, hutan sekunder, kebun kakao, kebun sawit, kebun karet, dan pemukiman. Analisis data menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks dominansi Simpson (D), indeks kemerataan (E), dan indeks distribusi Morisita (Iδ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 7 spesies dengan total 53 koloni, dengan Heterotrigona itama sebagai spesies yang paling dominan. Nilai keanekaragaman tergolong rendah pada seluruh habitat (H’ < 1), yang menunjukkan keterbatasan variasi spesies. Nilai dominansi relatif rendah, namun H. itama menunjukkan kecenderungan dominansi terutama pada habitat pemukiman. Sebagian besar spesies memiliki pola distribusi mengelompok yang mencerminkan preferensi habitat dan ketersediaan sumber daya. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya variasi habitat dalam membentuk struktur komunitas Meliponini serta menjadi dasar ilmiah bagi upaya konservasi dan pengembangan budidaya lebah tanpa sengat secara berkelanjutan.

Bioekologi Potensi Pemanfaatan Cendawan Beauveria bassiana di Lahan Pertanaman Kacang Panjang dan Bawang Merah dalam Mengendalikan Hama Terinventarisasi

Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana hold significant potential as an environmentally friendly biopesticide while simultaneously enhancing the vegetative growth of horticultural crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of B. bassiana application on the growth of yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis) and shallot (Allium ascalonicum), as well as to identify infected insect pests under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in Mojokerto Regency from June to September 2025 using a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor, consisting of four levels of B. bassiana concentration (A0 = control, A1 = 10⁶ spores L⁻¹, A2 = 10⁷ spores L⁻¹, A3 = 10⁸ spores L⁻¹) and five replications. Observed parameters included plant height and leaf number at 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after planting (DAP). Analysis of variance revealed significant treatment effects on vegetative growth. In yardlong bean, treatments A2 and A3 produced the highest average plant heights, 340.05 cm and 344.39 cm at 42 DAP, while A2 yielded the highest number of leaves (21.06 leaves). In shallot, treatment A3 produced the tallest plants (43.04 cm) with leaf number comparable to the control, indicating the biostimulant role of B. bassiana in enhancing plant vigor. Field observations identified insect pests infected by B. bassiana from the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera, characterized by white mycelial growth. These findings confirm that B. bassiana is not only effective as a biological control agent against diverse insect orders but also functions as a biostimulant that promotes vegetative growth of horticultural crops. Its application provides an integrative strategy for integrated pest management (IPM) and supports sustainable agriculture in the upstream area of Kromong II watershed.

Respon Pertumbuhan Miselium Jamur Tiram Kuning (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) Terhadap Berbagai Formulasi Media Baglog

Thomas Yoga Prasetya Susilo, Ruth Meike Jayanti — Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Yellow oyster mushroom (Pleurotus citrinopileatus) is one of the edible mushroom commodities that has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of nutritious food. Optimization of the growing media is an important factor in supporting mycelial growth because the substrate must provide lignocellulosic compounds as the main carbon source. This study aimed to analyze the response of mycelial growth rate of yellow oyster mushroom to different baglog media formulations and to determine the best growing media for yellow oyster mushroom spawn development. The research was conducted from June to December 2025 using a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor, namely media formulation consisting of seven treatments with three replications. The media treatments consisted of combinations of sengon sawdust, cocopeat, corn, and millet. The observed parameter was mycelial growth rate measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 30. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level followed by Tukey’s test (HSD). The results showed that media formulation had a highly significant effect on mycelial growth rate. Treatment P1 (100% sengon sawdust) produced the highest mycelial growth rate of 0.526 cm/day and was significantly different from other treatments, while treatments P2–P7 produced growth rates ranging from 0.252–0.341 cm/day. Pure sengon sawdust media resulted in faster mycelial growth and earlier baglog colonization due to its high lignocellulose content and porous substrate structure, which supports aeration and optimal mycelial growth.

Pengembangan Komoditi Unggulan Pertanian dalam Persfektif Digital Marketing di Kecamatan Ganding

Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The development of superior agricultural commodities from a digital marketing perspective in Sumenep Regency is important to do. The industrial revolution 4.0 towards the era of society 5.0 forces various products or services to implement internet-based systems to reach wider consumers. The purpose of this study is to identify the media used and involved in the development of superior agricultural commodities in Ganding District, and what are the steps for developing sustainable superior agricultural commodities in Ganding District. The method in this study uses a qualitative case study method. The qualitative case study method attempts to provide an in-depth description of the development of superior agricultural commodities from a digital marketing perspective. The results of the study show that digital marketing has a significant role in increasing the selling price of superior agricultural commodities, especially tobacco as a superior agricultural product in Ganding District that is able to reach the market. It can be concluded that the development of superior agricultural commodities in Ganding District through a digital marketing perspective is a strategic step taken by farmers to increase the competitiveness of agricultural commodity products such as rice, corn and tobacco in a wider market so that it is easier for buyers to recognize and know the quality produced.

Soil Quality Index Analysis on Citrus Plantations in Teluk Kimi District, Nabire, Central Papua

Ishak Musaad, Amin Mbusango — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Produksi jeruk di Kabupaten Nabire, Papua Tengah menurun meskipun daerah ini terkenal sebagai penghasil jeruk manis di Papua. Penurunan tersebut diduga terkait dengan penurunan kualitas tanah akibat pengelolaan lahan dan penggunaan pupuk kimia yang intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah serta menentukan indeks kualitas tanah (IKT) pada lahan perkebunan jeruk di Distrik Teluk Kimi, Kabupaten Nabire Papua Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei, dan skoring kualitas tanah berdasarkan kriteria Lal. Sampel tanah diambil pada kedalaman 0-30 cm dari empat lokasi lahan perkebunan, dan satu lokasi lahan hutan sebagai pembanding. Parameter yang diamati meliputi berat volume, porositas, tekstur, pH, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), Kejenuhan Basa (KB), Nitrogen total (N-total), Karbon organik (C-organik), Fosfor tersedia (P-tersedia), total mikoriza dan total mesofauna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum berat volume dan porositas tanah tergolong baik, namun tekstur didominasi liat (faktor pembatas berat ekstrem). Tanah bersifat sangat masam dengan kandungan hara dan aktivitas biologi rendah. Nilai indeks kualitas tanah di seluruh lahan tergolong buruk dengan kisaran skor 31-36. Faktor pembatas utama meliputi pH, KB, P-tersedia, N-total, mikoriza dan mesofauna. Disarankan agar dilakukan perbaikan pengelolaan tanah melalui pengapuran, penambahan bahan organik, serta pengawasan penggunaan pupuk dan pestisida untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah dan produktivitas jeruk secara berkelanjutan.

Eksplorasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Pada Tanaman Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

Diana Putri, Ankardiansyah Pandu Pradana, Arifda Ayu Swastini Waruwu — Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Bakteri endofit dapat ditemukan dari semua jaringan tanaman tetapi tidak menyebabkan gangguan atau kerusakan pada tanaman tersebut. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengkarakterisasi morfologi bakteri endofit dari akar tanaman gambir. Sampel akar gambir diambil dari Sumatera Barat, Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dari 5 titik Lokasi yang berbeda. Isolasi dilakukan untuk memperoleh isolat tunggal bakteri endofit. Karakterisasi meliputi pengamatan morfologi koloni, uji gram dengan KOH 3% serta uji patogenesitas pada daun tembakau. Hasil isolasi diperoleh 23 isolat tunggal bakteri endofit, dimana dari pengamatan morfologi didominasi oleh bentuk koloni yang tidak beraturan, permukaan yang halus tidak mengkilap, elevasi datar dan warna koloni putih susu. Dari 23 isolat yang diuji gram dengan KOH 3%, sebanyak 11 isolat tergolong gram negatif dan 12 isolat lainnya kelompok gram positif. Uji patogenesitas pada daun tembakau diperoleh hasil sebanyak 7 isolat menunjukkan reaksi hipersensitif yang ditandai dengan gejala nekrosis, sedangkan 16 isolat lainnya tidak menunjukkan gejala nekrosisi pada daun tembakau

Parameter Genetik, Analisis Lintas Komponen Agronomi dan Hasil untuk Seleksi Dini Gandum Tropis

Yuniel Melvanolo Zendrato, Theresa Dwi Kurnia, Grafen Febrich Panarai — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Domestic wheat development in tropical environments is crucial to reduce import dependency and strengthen national food security. Precision in early selection is a vital stage in identifying potential candidates based on their genetic diversity and agronomic performance. This study aims to analyze genetic parameters, causal relationships, and direct effects between traits, as well as to perform early selection of wheat genotypes in tropical conditions. A total of 30 wheat genotypes, consisting of 25 M2 mutant lines induced by gamma radiation and 5 check varieties, were evaluated using an augmented randomized complete block design (RCBD), with checks replicated in three blocks. The results showed broad genetic variability in agronomic, yield, and yield component traits, with very high broad-sense heritability observed for the 100-seed weight trait (99.10%). Path analysis confirmed that main panicle seed weight was the primary determinant of yield, exhibiting the most dominant positive direct effect (0.85) on the 100-seed weight component. Based on the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) multivariate selection, eight superior genotypes were selected: G08, G21, G04, G16, G10, G02, G07, and G20, which possessed strength profiles closest to the theoretical ideotype. These elite genotypes represent a highly potential genetic basis for future sustainable wheat breeding programs to develop adaptive and high-yielding varieties in Indonesia

Pertumbuhan Benih Bungli (Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz) Melalui Diferensiasi Ukuran Biji

Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Bungli (Oroxylum indicum) merupakan pohon tropis yang memiliki nilai ekologis, budaya, dan farmakologis tinggi di Asia, termasuk Indonesia. Di Jambi, khususnya kawasan Candi Muaro Jambi, tanaman ini memiliki makna historis dan spiritual serta dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat tradisional. Namun, keberadaannya terancam akibat eksploitasi berlebih, kerusakan habitat, serta alih fungsi lahan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di rumah kaca yang berlokasi di Jambi dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ukuran biji terhadap vigor dan pertumbuhan awal bibit Bungli. Keberhasilan konservasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas benih, terutama vigor yang menentukan kemampuan berkecambah dan tumbuh secara optimal. Ukuran benih berhubungan erat dengan cadangan makanan yang mendukung perkembangan embrio. Benih berukuran lebih besar umumnya memiliki vigor lebih tinggi, mampu berkecambah lebih cepat, serta menghasilkan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa benih berukuran sedang (13–15 mm) dan besar (16–17 mm) menghasilkan bibit dengan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan panjang akar yang lebih unggul dibandingkan benih kecil (11–12 mm). Oleh karena itu, pemilihan ukuran benih menjadi faktor penting dalam pembibitan untuk mendukung upaya konservasi Bungli secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan jangka panjang serta kandungan fitokimia bibit.

Pengaruh Kelas Lereng terhadap Karakteristik Kimia Tanah Ultisol dan Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Budidaya Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur

Dian Triadiawarman, Veronika Murtinah, Amprin Amprin — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kimia tanah Ultisol pada berbagai kelas lereng dan mengevaluasi faktor pembatas kesesuaian lahan untuk budidaya kelapa sawit di Desa Tepian Indah, Kecamatan Bengalon, Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan menggunakan metode stratified random sampling pada tiga kelas lereng, yaitu 0–8%, >8-15%, dan >15-25% dengan kedalaman 0-30 cm. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi pH tanah, C-organik, N-total, P tersedia, K tersedia, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa (KB). Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA), uji lanjut DMRT 5%, korelasi Pearson, regresi linear sederhana, serta evaluasi kesesuaian lahan menggunakan metode matching. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh lokasi memiliki reaksi tanah sangat masam (pH 3,73-4,04), kandungan C-organik rendah (1,05-1,21%), KTK sangat rendah (4,02-5,29 cmol(+)/kg), serta ketersediaan P dan K yang rendah. Analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa kelas lereng berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter yang diamati (p<0,05). Kandungan C-organik memiliki korelasi positif sangat kuat dengan kejenuhan basa (r = 0,927), sedangkan KTK menunjukkan korelasi negatif sangat kuat (r = -0,985). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan mengindikasikan bahwa seluruh kelas lereng termasuk kelas S3 (sesuai marginal) dengan faktor pembatas utama berupa retensi hara, ketersediaan hara, dan bahaya erosi. Perbaikan kualitas lahan melalui pengapuran, penambahan bahan organik, pemupukan berimbang, dan konservasi tanah diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan keberlanjutan budidaya kelapa sawit pada lahan Ultisol berlereng.

Dekomposisi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Menggunakan Bioaktivator, Maggot, dan Vermikompos untuk Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan

Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study was conducted in Samarinda to assess the efficacy of bioactivators, maggots (Hermetia illucens), and vermicompost in accelerating the composting of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). A Randomized Completely Block Design was applied with six treatments: control without additives (E₀), bioactivator (E₁), maggot (E₂), vermicompost (E₃), maggot–bioactivator combination (E₄), and vermicompost–bioactivator combination (E₅), each replicated eight times (48 units). Variables measured included mass shrinkage, temperature dynamics, final pH, C/N ratio, macronutrient content (N, P, K), and organic Carbon. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD test at 0.05 significance. Bioactivator alone (E₁) produced the highest peak temperature (64.29°C), indicating strong microbial activity, but resulted in a relatively high C/N ratio (26.88). Maggot treatment (E₂) generated the greatest biomass reduction (56.25%) and the highest potassium level (6.05%), with a C/N ratio of 16.48. Vermicompost (E₃) yielded more stabilized compost with a C/N ratio of 15.26. Notably, the combined bioactivator–maggot treatment (E₄) produced the most mature and nutrient-rich compost, achieving the lowest C/N ratio (8.33) and the highest nitrogen content (1.98%). Meanwhile, the bioactivator–vermicompost combination (E₅) produced a C/N ratio of 12.16. Overall, bioactivators enhanced thermophilic conditions, maggots improved biomass degradation and potassium enrichment, and vermicompost supported compost stabilization. Among all treatments, E4 emerged as the most effective strategy for producing high-quality compost efficiently, offering a sustainable approach for managing aquatic weeds and supporting organic agriculture.

Komponen Utama Kesuburan Perairan Tambak Di Desa Pondong Baru Dengan Menggunakan Nilai Spektral Citra Drone

Ismail Fahmy Almadi, Muhammad Yusuf Ramadhan, Andi Nikhlani — Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The productivity of brackish water aquaculture is often fluctuative due to suboptimal water quality and the difficulty of monitoring pond water fertility over large areas. This study aims to identify the main components of pond water fertility and to examine the relationship between RGB spectral values from drone imagery with nitrate and phosphate parameters. Image acquisition was carried out using a DJI Mavic 2 Pro drone at an altitude of 50 m, with 15 samples collected from three semi-intensive ponds in Pondong Baru Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency. The measured parameters included brightness, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nitrate, and phosphate. Data analysis was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression. The results showed that two principal components (PCs) explain 87.1% of the data variation. PC1 is dominated by temperature (0.967), pH (0.912), brightness (0.882), and dissolved oxygen (0.851), while PC2 is dominated by phosphate (0.798) and nitrate (-0,637). Linear regression for phosphate showed R² = 0.495 (marginal significance), while nitrate was not significant (R² = 0.033). Drone imagery has the potential to be effective for monitoring pond water fertility, particularly for phosphate parameters.

Keywords: pond water fertility, drone imagery, RGB, PCA, linear regression, nitrate, phosphate