Pengaruh Penambahan Tebon Jagung, Ampas Tahu, dan EM4 Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan pH Silase Centrosema pubescens
Centrosema pubecens, karakteristik fisik, pH, Silase
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan starter EM4, tebon jagung, dan ampas tahu terhadap kualitas fisik dan pH silase Centrosema pubescens (CP). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu P1 (100% CP + starter), P2 (50% CP + 50% tebon jagung + starter), dan P3 (50% CP + 50% ampas tahu + starter). Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 35 hari menggunakan plastik vakum untuk menciptakan kondisi anaerob. Data karakteristik fisik (keberadaan jamur, aroma, warna, dan tekstur) dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunn Test jika terdapat perbedaan signifikan, sedangkan data pH dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap aroma, tekstur, dan pH (p<0,05). Perlakuan dengan ampas tahu menghasilkan pH terendah, sedangkan perlakuan dengan tebon jagung menghasilkan tekstur terbaik dengan karakteristik tidak berlendir dan padat. Seluruh perlakuan menunjukkan skor maksimal pada keberadaan jamur, menandakan tidak adanya pertumbuhan jamur. Namun, warna hijau kecokelatan yang dihasilkan pada semua perlakuan belum memenuhi kategori optimal. Penambahan starter EM4 dengan tebon jagung atau ampas tahu terbukti mampu meningkatkan kualitas silase Centrosema pubescens melalui perbaikan pH, tekstur, dan ketiadaan pertumbuhan jamur, meskipun semua perlakuan menghasilkan warna hijau kecokelatan yang belum optimal.
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Referensi
Agbonu, O. A., Aka, L. O., & Nweze, E. C. (2016). In vivo enteric methane mitigation using saccharomyces cerevisiae in west african dwarf sheep fed panicum maximum and centrosema pubescens. Journal of Veterinary and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 12–19.
Awuchi, C. G., Nyakundi Ondari, E., Josiah Eseoghene, I., Twinomuhwezi, H., Otuosorochi Amagwula, I., & Morya, S. (2022). Fungal growth and mycotoxins production: types, toxicities, control strategies, and detoxification. In Fungal Reproduction and Growth. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100207
Bachruddin, Z. (2017). The effect of lactic acid bacteria and different level of carbohydrate sources addition on tofu waste industry fermentation. Buletin Peternakan, 41(3), 279. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i3.23677
Chen, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., MacAdam, J. W., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Interaction between plants and epiphytic lactic acid bacteria that affect plant silage fermentation. In Frontiers in Microbiology (Vol. 14). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164904
Dhalika, T., Budiman, A., & Mansyur, M. (2015). Kualitas Silase Rumput Benggala (Panicum maximum) pada Berbagai Taraf Penambahan Bahan Aditif Ekstrak Cairan Asam Laktat Produk Fermentasi Anaerob Batang Pisang. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 17(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.17.1.77-82.2015
Ekawati, E., Muktiani, A., & Sunarso, S. (2014). Efisiensi dan Kecernaan Ransum Domba yang Diberi Silase Ransum Komplit Eceng Gondok Ditambahkan Starter Lactobacillus plantarum. Jurnal Agripet, 14(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i2.1885
Kung, L., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. In Journal of Dairy Science (Vol. 101, Issue 5, pp. 4020–4033). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909
Kurniawan, D., & Fathul, F. (2015). The effect of starter addition in silage making to physic quality and ph silage of feed from agriculture waste. In Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu (Vol. 3, Issue 4).
Li, F., Yang, X. J., Cao, Y. C., Li, S. X., Yao, J. H., Li, Z. J., & Sun, F. F. (2014). Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 189, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2013.12.011
Lv, R., Elsabagh, M., Obitsu, T., Sugino, T., Kurokawa, Y., & Kawamura, K. (2020). Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage. Animal Science Journal, 91(1), e13309. https://doi.org/10.1111/ASJ.13309
Marhaeniyanto, E., Marawali, S., & Rinanti, R. (2022). Penggunaan Em4 Dan Aditif Berbeda Pada Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum). Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia, 7(2), 83-90. doi:10.32503/fillia.v7i2.2375
Muck, R. E., Nadeau, E. M. G., McAllister, T. A., Contreras-Govea, F. E., Santos, M. C., & Kung, L. (2018). Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3980–4000. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2017-13839
Mustika, L. M., & Hartutik. (2021). Kualitas silase tebon jagung (Zea mays L.) dengan penambahan berbagai bahan aditif ditinjau dari kandungan nutrisi. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 4(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JNT.2021.004.01.7
Niderkorn, V., & Jayanegara, A. (2021). Opportunities offered by plant bioactive compounds to improve silage quality, animal health and product quality for sustainable ruminant production: a review. Agronomy 2021, Vol. 11, Page 86, 11(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY11010086
Nurjanah, L. L., Umami, N., Kurniawati, A., Hanim, C., Prasetyo Wb, B., Paradhipta, D. H. V., & Meidiana, T. (2023). The quality of physic and ph of gama umami grass silage supplemented with calliandra leaves and pollard. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1183(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012019
Obua, B. E. (2018). Silage quality and preference of Centrosema leaf ensiled with different levels of cassava peels by goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 749–752. https://njap.org.ng/index.php/njap/article/view/5782
Oduguwa, B. O., Jolaosho, A. O., & Ayankoso, M. T. (2007). Effects of ensiling on the physical properties, chemical composition and minerals contents of guinea grass and cassava tops silage. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 34(1), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.51791/NJAP.V34I1.2450
Penagos-Tabares, F., Khiaosa-ard, R., Schmidt, M., Pacífico, C., Faas, J., Jenkins, T., Nagl, V., Sulyok, M., Labuda, R., & Zebeli, Q. (2022). Fungal species and mycotoxins in mouldy spots of grass and maize silages in Austria. Mycotoxin Research, 38(2), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-022-00453-3
Prihandini, P. W., Henny Leondro, Yuli Arif Tribudi, Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih, Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti Hadiani, Dewi Khosiya Robba, Dyah Tuwi Ramsiati, Mochammad Chanafi, & Wahyuni Indah Wulansari. (2024). Komponen bioaktif pada tanaman centrocema pubescens dan potensinya sebagai pakan ternak. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 7(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jnt.2024.007.01.6
Ratnakomala, S., Ridwan, R., Kartina, G., & Widyastuti, Y. (2006). The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and 1BL-2 inoculant on the quality of napier grass silage. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D070208
Rufino, L. D. de A., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Leandro, E. S., Santos, S. A., Bernardes, T. F., de Paula, R. A., & Agarussi, M. C. N. (2022). Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential on the chemical composition and fermentation profile of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 290, 115340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2022.115340
Sadarman, Febrina, D., Wahyono, T., Mulianda, R., Qomariyah, N., Nurfitriani, R. A., Khairi, F., Adli, D. N. A., Romli, S. D., Zulkarnain, & Prastyo, A. B. (2022). Kualitas fisik silase rumput gajah dan ampas tahu segar dengan penambahan sirup komersial afkir. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan, 20(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.20.2.73-77
Tahuk, P. K., Bira, G. F., & Taga, H. (2020). Physical characteristics analysis of complete silage made of sorghum forage, king grass and natural grass. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 465(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/465/1/012022
Vu, V. H., Li, X., Wang, M., Liu, R., Zhang, G., Liu, W., Xia, B., & Sun, Q. (2019). Dynamics of fungal community during silage fermentation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) produced in northern Vietnam. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(7), 996–1006. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0708
Wambacq, E., Vanhoutte, I., Audenaert, K., De Gelder, L., & Haesaert, G. (2016). Occurrence, prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(7), 2284–2302. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.7565
Wang, S., Yuan, X., Dong, Z., Li, J., Guo, G., Bai, Y., Zhang, J., & Shao, T. (2017). Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(6), 819–827. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0589
Wróbel, B., Nowak, J., Fabiszewska, A., Paszkiewicz-Jasińska, A., & Przystupa, W. (2023). Dry Matter Losses in Silages Resulting from Epiphytic Microbiota Activity—A Comprehensive Study. Agronomy 2023, Vol. 13, Page 450, 13(2), 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY13020450
Yanza, Y. R., Irawan, A., Jayanegara, A., Ramadhani, F., Respati, A. N., Fitri, A., Hidayat, C., Niderkorn, V., Cieslak, A., Szumacher-Strabel, M., Hidayat, R., & Tanuwiria, U. H. (2024). Saponin extracts utilization as dietary additive in ruminant nutrition: a meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Animals 2024, Vol. 14, Page 1231, 14(8), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI14081231
Awuchi, C. G., Nyakundi Ondari, E., Josiah Eseoghene, I., Twinomuhwezi, H., Otuosorochi Amagwula, I., & Morya, S. (2022). Fungal growth and mycotoxins production: types, toxicities, control strategies, and detoxification. In Fungal Reproduction and Growth. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100207
Bachruddin, Z. (2017). The effect of lactic acid bacteria and different level of carbohydrate sources addition on tofu waste industry fermentation. Buletin Peternakan, 41(3), 279. https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v41i3.23677
Chen, L., Wang, Y., Li, X., MacAdam, J. W., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Interaction between plants and epiphytic lactic acid bacteria that affect plant silage fermentation. In Frontiers in Microbiology (Vol. 14). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164904
Dhalika, T., Budiman, A., & Mansyur, M. (2015). Kualitas Silase Rumput Benggala (Panicum maximum) pada Berbagai Taraf Penambahan Bahan Aditif Ekstrak Cairan Asam Laktat Produk Fermentasi Anaerob Batang Pisang. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), 17(1), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.17.1.77-82.2015
Ekawati, E., Muktiani, A., & Sunarso, S. (2014). Efisiensi dan Kecernaan Ransum Domba yang Diberi Silase Ransum Komplit Eceng Gondok Ditambahkan Starter Lactobacillus plantarum. Jurnal Agripet, 14(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v14i2.1885
Kung, L., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. In Journal of Dairy Science (Vol. 101, Issue 5, pp. 4020–4033). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909
Kurniawan, D., & Fathul, F. (2015). The effect of starter addition in silage making to physic quality and ph silage of feed from agriculture waste. In Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu (Vol. 3, Issue 4).
Li, F., Yang, X. J., Cao, Y. C., Li, S. X., Yao, J. H., Li, Z. J., & Sun, F. F. (2014). Effects of dietary effective fiber to rumen degradable starch ratios on the risk of sub-acute ruminal acidosis and rumen content fatty acids composition in dairy goat. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 189, 54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2013.12.011
Lv, R., Elsabagh, M., Obitsu, T., Sugino, T., Kurokawa, Y., & Kawamura, K. (2020). Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage. Animal Science Journal, 91(1), e13309. https://doi.org/10.1111/ASJ.13309
Marhaeniyanto, E., Marawali, S., & Rinanti, R. (2022). Penggunaan Em4 Dan Aditif Berbeda Pada Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum). Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia, 7(2), 83-90. doi:10.32503/fillia.v7i2.2375
Muck, R. E., Nadeau, E. M. G., McAllister, T. A., Contreras-Govea, F. E., Santos, M. C., & Kung, L. (2018). Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3980–4000. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2017-13839
Mustika, L. M., & Hartutik. (2021). Kualitas silase tebon jagung (Zea mays L.) dengan penambahan berbagai bahan aditif ditinjau dari kandungan nutrisi. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 4(1), 55–59. https://doi.org/10.21776/UB.JNT.2021.004.01.7
Niderkorn, V., & Jayanegara, A. (2021). Opportunities offered by plant bioactive compounds to improve silage quality, animal health and product quality for sustainable ruminant production: a review. Agronomy 2021, Vol. 11, Page 86, 11(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY11010086
Nurjanah, L. L., Umami, N., Kurniawati, A., Hanim, C., Prasetyo Wb, B., Paradhipta, D. H. V., & Meidiana, T. (2023). The quality of physic and ph of gama umami grass silage supplemented with calliandra leaves and pollard. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1183(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012019
Obua, B. E. (2018). Silage quality and preference of Centrosema leaf ensiled with different levels of cassava peels by goats. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 749–752. https://njap.org.ng/index.php/njap/article/view/5782
Oduguwa, B. O., Jolaosho, A. O., & Ayankoso, M. T. (2007). Effects of ensiling on the physical properties, chemical composition and minerals contents of guinea grass and cassava tops silage. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 34(1), 100–106. https://doi.org/10.51791/NJAP.V34I1.2450
Penagos-Tabares, F., Khiaosa-ard, R., Schmidt, M., Pacífico, C., Faas, J., Jenkins, T., Nagl, V., Sulyok, M., Labuda, R., & Zebeli, Q. (2022). Fungal species and mycotoxins in mouldy spots of grass and maize silages in Austria. Mycotoxin Research, 38(2), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-022-00453-3
Prihandini, P. W., Henny Leondro, Yuli Arif Tribudi, Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih, Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti Hadiani, Dewi Khosiya Robba, Dyah Tuwi Ramsiati, Mochammad Chanafi, & Wahyuni Indah Wulansari. (2024). Komponen bioaktif pada tanaman centrocema pubescens dan potensinya sebagai pakan ternak. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 7(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jnt.2024.007.01.6
Ratnakomala, S., Ridwan, R., Kartina, G., & Widyastuti, Y. (2006). The effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 and 1BL-2 inoculant on the quality of napier grass silage. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D070208
Rufino, L. D. de A., Pereira, O. G., Ribeiro, K. G., Leandro, E. S., Santos, S. A., Bernardes, T. F., de Paula, R. A., & Agarussi, M. C. N. (2022). Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential on the chemical composition and fermentation profile of forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) silage. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 290, 115340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2022.115340
Sadarman, Febrina, D., Wahyono, T., Mulianda, R., Qomariyah, N., Nurfitriani, R. A., Khairi, F., Adli, D. N. A., Romli, S. D., Zulkarnain, & Prastyo, A. B. (2022). Kualitas fisik silase rumput gajah dan ampas tahu segar dengan penambahan sirup komersial afkir. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan, 20(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.20.2.73-77
Tahuk, P. K., Bira, G. F., & Taga, H. (2020). Physical characteristics analysis of complete silage made of sorghum forage, king grass and natural grass. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 465(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/465/1/012022
Vu, V. H., Li, X., Wang, M., Liu, R., Zhang, G., Liu, W., Xia, B., & Sun, Q. (2019). Dynamics of fungal community during silage fermentation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) produced in northern Vietnam. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 32(7), 996–1006. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0708
Wambacq, E., Vanhoutte, I., Audenaert, K., De Gelder, L., & Haesaert, G. (2016). Occurrence, prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(7), 2284–2302. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.7565
Wang, S., Yuan, X., Dong, Z., Li, J., Guo, G., Bai, Y., Zhang, J., & Shao, T. (2017). Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(6), 819–827. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0589
Wróbel, B., Nowak, J., Fabiszewska, A., Paszkiewicz-Jasińska, A., & Przystupa, W. (2023). Dry Matter Losses in Silages Resulting from Epiphytic Microbiota Activity—A Comprehensive Study. Agronomy 2023, Vol. 13, Page 450, 13(2), 450. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY13020450
Yanza, Y. R., Irawan, A., Jayanegara, A., Ramadhani, F., Respati, A. N., Fitri, A., Hidayat, C., Niderkorn, V., Cieslak, A., Szumacher-Strabel, M., Hidayat, R., & Tanuwiria, U. H. (2024). Saponin extracts utilization as dietary additive in ruminant nutrition: a meta-analysis of in vivo studies. Animals 2024, Vol. 14, Page 1231, 14(8), 1231. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANI14081231
Diterbitkan sejak
30-06-2025
Rekomendasi Sitasi
Triana, R., Yanza, Y., Khairani, L., & Setiawan, M. (2025). Pengaruh Penambahan Tebon Jagung, Ampas Tahu, dan EM4 Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan pH Silase Centrosema pubescens. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v13i1.621
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