Growth and Production Super 1 Variety Sweet Sorghum in Different Time and Dosage of ZA Fertilizer Application
Keywords:
ZA fertilizer, Sweet sorghum, Dry land, Super 1, Pathway
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilization affects the growth of sorghum plants, grain yields, biomass and brix sugar content, so that the suitable time and dosage is needed to arrange. The purpose of the study was to determine the application time and fit dose of ZA fertilizer on the yield (t/ha), and other agronomic characteristics. The study was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Indonesian Cereals Plant Research Institute, Maros, South Sulawesi in August - November 2016. The experiment was arranged based on a two-factor randomized block design with three replications. The first-factor was the four time ZA fertilizer application, which was placed on the age of 40 days after planting, 50 days after planting, 60 days after planting and 70 days after planting. The second factor was the four doses of ZA fertilizer namely 0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 75 kg/ha. The sorghum variety used in this study was Super 1. The results showed that the interaction between treatments had a very significant effect on seed production/ha with the highest yield of 3.30 tons/ha in the 50 kg/ha fertilizer application applied at the age of 40 DAP (days after planting). The response of plants to the independent treatment factor when fertilizing application had a very significant effect on plant height (35 HST and 105 HST), stem diameter, number of nodes and biomass weight (t/ha), and significantly affected the weight of 1000 seeds. Fertilizer dosage significantly affects seed production per ha, panicle length and volume of sap. Pearson correlation between observations variables with seed yield per hectare showed high and very significant results in stem diameter (r = 0.74), as well as in the variable number of sections (r = 0.65). Stem diameter has the biggest direct effect on seed production per hectare with a cross print coefficient of 0.75.
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References
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Napitupulu, D., & Winarto, L. (2010). Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk N Dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 20(1), 136783. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v20n1.2010.p
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Rohaeni, W. R., & Permadi, K. (2012). Analisis sidik lintas beberapa karakter komponen hasil terhadap daya hasil padi sawah pada aplikasi Agrisimba. Agrotrop, 2(2), 185–190.
Russo, V. M., & Fish, W. W. (2012). Biomass, extracted liquid yields, sugar content or seed yields of biofuel feedstocks as affected by fertilizer. Industrial Crops and Products, 36(1), 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.019
Saputra, T. E., Barmawi, M., Ermawati, E., & Sa`diyah, N. (2017). Korelasi dan analisis lintas komponen komponen hasil kedelai famili F6 hasil persilangan Wilis X B3570. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 16(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v16i1.76
Sari, W. P., & Respatijarti, D. (2014). Keragaman dan heritabilitas 10 genotip pada cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L .). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(4), 301–307.
Sihombing, J. E., Marbun, P., & Marpaung, P. (2019). Pemetaan status kesuburan tanah pada lahan kopi Arabika di Kecamatan Lumban Julu Kabupaten Julu Kabupaten Toba Samosir. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 7(1), 239–245.
Sirappa, M. P. (1996). Prospek Pengembangan Sorgum di Indonesia sebagai Komoditas Alternatif untuk Uangan, Pakan, dan Industri. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 22(4), 133–140.
Stȩpniak, C. (2011). Coefficient of Variation. In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (hal. 267–267). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_177
Subagio, H. (2014). Perakitan dan Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Sorgum. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serelia, 9(1), 39–50.
Subagio, H., & Syuryawati. (2013). Wilayah penghasil dan ragam penggunaan sorgum di Indonesia. In Sorgum (Inovasi Teknologi dan Pengembangan) (hal. 291).
Sumbayak, E. R. M., Sunaryo, & Widaryanto, E. (2018). Pengaruh kombinasi dosis pupuk Urea dan ZA terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan (Brassica oleraceae var . Alboglabra). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(9), 2111–2117.
Suminar, R., Suwarto, & Purnamawati, H. (2017). Penentuan dosis optimum pemupukan N, P, dan K pada sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 22(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.1.6
Suwarti, Efendi, R., Massinai, R., & Pabendon, M. B. B. (2018). Evaluation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.[ Moench ]) on several population density for bioethanol production. IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science, 141(012032), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/141/1/012032
Syuryawati, Lalu, M., & Pabendon, M. (2017). Peningkatan produksi brangkasan sorgum mendukung ketersediaan pakan dan peningkatan pendapatan petani. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner, 566–574.
Wahid, A., & Maintang. (2017). Sidik lintas dalam penentuan karakter yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil kedelai pada lahan kering masam. Buletin Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian, 502(11), 31–36.
Wardana, C. K., Karyawati, A. S., & Makmur, S. M. (2015). Keragaman hasil, heritabilitas dan korelasi F3 hasil persilangan kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) varietas Anjasmoro dengan varietas Tanggamus, Grobogan, Galur AP dan UB. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 3(3), 182–188.
Yakob, Y., Rato, D., Syaiful, S. A., Riadi, M., & Pabendon, M. B. (2019). Pengaruh umur panen tanaman primer dan jumlah tunas ratun sorgum manis terhadap produksi bioetanol. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 3(3), 159–164.
Agung, I. G. A. M. S. gung, Sardiana, I. K., Diara, I. W., & Nurjaya, I. G. M. O. (2013). Adaptation, biomass and ethanol yields of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties at dryland farming areas of jimbaran Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 3(17), 110–115. http://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/8961
Aisyah, A., Suastika, I. W., & Suntari, R. (2015). Pengaruh aplikasi beberapa pupuk sulfur terhadap residu, serapan, serta produksi tanaman jagung di Mollisol Jonggol, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 2(1), 93–101. https://jtsl.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtsl/article/view/118/128
Ameen, A., Yang, X., Chen, F., Tang, C., Du, F., Fahad, S., & Xie, G. H. (2017). Biomass yield and nutrient uptake of energy sorghum in response to nitrogen fertilizer rate on marginal land in a Semi-Arid region. Bioenergy Research, 10(2), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-016-9804-5
Arifin, M., Yuniarti, A., & Dahliani, D. (2017). Pengaruh abu vulkanik Gunung Sinabung dan batuan fosfat dalam bentuk nanopartikel terhadap retensi P, delta pH dan kejenuhan basa pada Andisol Ciater Jawa Barat. Jur. Agroekotek, 9(1), 260–264.
Ariska, T., Sebayang, H. T., & Suminarti, N. E. (2017). Upaya efisiensi pemanfaatan lahan melalui penanaman tanaman sela dalam sistem tanam tumpangsari dengan tanaman sorgum di lahan kering. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 5(8), 1367–1374.
Aryana, I. M. (2009). Korelasi fenotipik, genotipik dan sidik lintas serta implikasinya pada seleksi padi beras merah. Crop Agro, 2(1), 70–78.
Bachtiar, B., & Ura’, R. (2017). Pengaruh tegakan lamtoro gung Leucaena leucocephala L . terhadap kesuburan tanah di kawasan hutan Ko’mara Kabupaten Takalar. Jurnal Ilmu Alam dan Lingkungan, 8(15), 1–6.
Efendi, R., Aqil, M., & Pabendon, M. (2013). Evaluasi genotipe sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produksi biomass dan daya ratun tinggi. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 32(2), 116–125.
Irawan, B., & Sutrisna, N. (2011). Prospek pengembangan sorgum di Jawa Barat mendukung diversifikasi pangan. Forum Agro Ekonomi, 7(2), 87–105. http://pse.litbang.deptan.go.id/ind/pdffiles/FAE29-2c.pdf
Khalil, S. R. A., Abdelhafez, A. A., & Amer, E. A. M. (2015). Evaluation of bioethanol production from juice and bagasse of some sweet sorghum varieties. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 60(2), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.10.005
Li, Y., Chapman, S. J., Nicol, G. W., & Yao, H. (2018). Nitrification and nitrifiers in acidic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 116(November 2017), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.023
Marlina, Zuhry, E., & Nurbaiti. (2015). Aplikasi tiga dosis pupuk fosfor pada empat varietas sorgym (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) dalam meningkatkan komponen hasil dan mutu fisiologis benih. JOM Faperta, 2(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-0813.2015.03.002
Matsakas, L., & Christakopoulos, P. (2013). Fermentation of liquefacted hydrothermally pretreated sweet sorghum bagasse to ethanol at high-solids content. Bioresource Technology, 127, 202–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.107
Maw, M. J. W., Houx, J. H., & Fritschi, F. B. (2016). Sweet sorghum ethanol yield component response to nitrogen fertilization. Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.038
Maw, M. J. W., Houx, J. H., & Fritschi, F. B. (2017). Maize, sweet sorghum, and high biomass sorghum ethanol yield comparison on marginal soils in Midwest USA. Biomass and Bioenergy, 107(March), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.021
Moser, S. B., Feil, B., Jampatong, S., & Stamp, P. (2006). Effects of pre-anthesis drought, nitrogen fertilizer rate, and variety on grain yield, yield components, and harvest index of tropical maize. Agricultural Water Management, 81(1–2), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.04.005
Napitupulu, D., & Winarto, L. (2010). Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk N Dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah. Jurnal Hortikultura, 20(1), 136783. https://doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v20n1.2010.p
Pabendon, M. B., Sarungallo, R., & Mas’ud, S. (2012). Pemanfaatan nira batang, bagas, dan biji sorgum manis sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 31(3), 180–187.
Rohaeni, W. R., & Permadi, K. (2012). Analisis sidik lintas beberapa karakter komponen hasil terhadap daya hasil padi sawah pada aplikasi Agrisimba. Agrotrop, 2(2), 185–190.
Russo, V. M., & Fish, W. W. (2012). Biomass, extracted liquid yields, sugar content or seed yields of biofuel feedstocks as affected by fertilizer. Industrial Crops and Products, 36(1), 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.11.019
Saputra, T. E., Barmawi, M., Ermawati, E., & Sa`diyah, N. (2017). Korelasi dan analisis lintas komponen komponen hasil kedelai famili F6 hasil persilangan Wilis X B3570. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan, 16(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v16i1.76
Sari, W. P., & Respatijarti, D. (2014). Keragaman dan heritabilitas 10 genotip pada cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L .). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(4), 301–307.
Sihombing, J. E., Marbun, P., & Marpaung, P. (2019). Pemetaan status kesuburan tanah pada lahan kopi Arabika di Kecamatan Lumban Julu Kabupaten Julu Kabupaten Toba Samosir. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi FP USU, 7(1), 239–245.
Sirappa, M. P. (1996). Prospek Pengembangan Sorgum di Indonesia sebagai Komoditas Alternatif untuk Uangan, Pakan, dan Industri. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 22(4), 133–140.
Stȩpniak, C. (2011). Coefficient of Variation. In International Encyclopedia of Statistical Science (hal. 267–267). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04898-2_177
Subagio, H. (2014). Perakitan dan Pengembangan Varietas Unggul Sorgum. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serelia, 9(1), 39–50.
Subagio, H., & Syuryawati. (2013). Wilayah penghasil dan ragam penggunaan sorgum di Indonesia. In Sorgum (Inovasi Teknologi dan Pengembangan) (hal. 291).
Sumbayak, E. R. M., Sunaryo, & Widaryanto, E. (2018). Pengaruh kombinasi dosis pupuk Urea dan ZA terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kailan (Brassica oleraceae var . Alboglabra). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(9), 2111–2117.
Suminar, R., Suwarto, & Purnamawati, H. (2017). Penentuan dosis optimum pemupukan N, P, dan K pada sorgum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench). Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, 22(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.18343/jipi.22.1.6
Suwarti, Efendi, R., Massinai, R., & Pabendon, M. B. B. (2018). Evaluation of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.[ Moench ]) on several population density for bioethanol production. IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science, 141(012032), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/141/1/012032
Syuryawati, Lalu, M., & Pabendon, M. (2017). Peningkatan produksi brangkasan sorgum mendukung ketersediaan pakan dan peningkatan pendapatan petani. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner, 566–574.
Wahid, A., & Maintang. (2017). Sidik lintas dalam penentuan karakter yang berpengaruh terhadap hasil kedelai pada lahan kering masam. Buletin Inovasi Teknologi Pertanian, 502(11), 31–36.
Wardana, C. K., Karyawati, A. S., & Makmur, S. M. (2015). Keragaman hasil, heritabilitas dan korelasi F3 hasil persilangan kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril) varietas Anjasmoro dengan varietas Tanggamus, Grobogan, Galur AP dan UB. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 3(3), 182–188.
Yakob, Y., Rato, D., Syaiful, S. A., Riadi, M., & Pabendon, M. B. (2019). Pengaruh umur panen tanaman primer dan jumlah tunas ratun sorgum manis terhadap produksi bioetanol. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 3(3), 159–164.
Published
23-12-2020
How to Cite
Suwardi, S., & Suwarti, S. (2020). Growth and Production Super 1 Variety Sweet Sorghum in Different Time and Dosage of ZA Fertilizer Application. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 8(2), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v8i2.245
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Copyright (c) 2020 Suwardi Suwardi, Suwarti Suwarti
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