Seleksi Kegenjahan dan Hasil Tinggi pada Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Berdasarkan Nilai Kemajuan Genetik
Agroindustri, Ciplukan, Kemajuan Genetik, Keragaman, Seleksi
Abstrak
Parameter genetik merupakan komponen penting dalam pengembangan tanaman ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) pada program pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman, heritabilitas dan kemajuan genetik serta seleksi tanaman ciplukan berdasarkan karakter kegenjahan dan hasil panen. Penelitian dilaksanakan di greenhouse lahan percobaan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya yang berada di Desa Jatimulyo, Malang dari bulan Juli hingga September 2021. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan 30 aksesi ciplukan dengan pengulangan 3 kali. Seleksi ciplukan dilakukan dengan metode statistik menggunakan uji-z dan intensitas seleksi 20% (i=1,40). Analisis ragam menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata untuk sebagian besar karakter agronomi ciplukan. Karakter agronomi dengan nilai KVG dan KVF tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah dengan kelobot per tanaman dan bobot buah segar per tanaman. Karakter jumlah bunga per tanaman dan waktu panen pertama memiliki nilai heritabilitas tinggi sedangkan karakter dengan nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi yaitu jumlah bunga per tanaman dan bobot buah tanpa kelobot per tanaman. Seleksi fenotipik berdasarkan karakter waktu panen dan hasil diperoleh lima aksesi terpilih yaitu, aksesi A0103, B0201, B0302, B2003 dan E0201.
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Referensi
Acquaah, G. (2012). Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. In Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. UK: Wiley.
Arifiana, N. B., & Sjamsijah, N. (2017). Respon Seleksi Tanaman F3 pada Beberapa Genotipe Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v1i1.10
Bos, I., & Caligari, P. (1995). Selection Methods in Plant Breeding (Vol. 38). London — Glasgow — Weinheim — New York — Tokyo — Melbourne — Madras: Chapman & Hall.
Effendy, Respatijarti, & Waluyo, B. (2018). Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Komponen Hasil dan Hasil Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Agro, 5(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.15575/1864
Faronny, D. I., Ardiarini, N. R., Zanetta, C. U., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Penampilan Karakter Ciplukan (Cutleaf Ground Cherry: Physalis angulata L.) Hasil Seleksi Galur Murni dari Populasi Lokal Sebagai Sumber Buah Eksotis. In R. R. R. Brotodjojo, D. A. Puspitaningrum, & R. A. Widodo (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, dan Daya Saing Global” (pp. 1169–1177). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta.
Fathurrahman, F., Nursanto, J., Madjid, A., & Ramadanil, R. (2016). Ethnobotanical Study of “Kaili Inde” Tribe in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 28(5), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2015-06-463
Kearsey, M. J., & Pooni, H. S. (1996). The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. London: Chapman and Hall.
Kendra, K. V. (2014). Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies for Growth and Yield Characters in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 23(2), 170–177.
Khoiriyah, L. L., Waluyo, B., & Respatijarti. (2018). Hubungan Antar Karakter Komponen Hasil dengan Hasil pada Tanaman Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(12), 3116–3124.
Kumar, V., Sahay, S., Nirgude, V., Kumari, A., Singh, R. S., Mir, H., Mahesh, Shiv, S., & Kumar, V. (2017). Assessment of Genetic Variability Among Different Genotypes of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1735–1739. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1430
Lestari, L. D., Adiredjo, A. L., & Waluyo, B. (2018). Penampilan Fenotipik dan Analisa Korelasi pada 10 galur Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(12), 3039–3047.
Nagaraju, M. M., Reddy, R., Reddy, K. M., Naram, L., Rani, A. S., & Krishna, K. U. (2018). Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Quantitative, Qualitative Traits and ChLCV Resistance in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L .). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1467–1472.
Novrika, D., Herison, C., & Fahrurrozi. (2016). Korelasi Antar Komponen Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif dengan Hasil pada Delapan Belas Genotipe Gandum di Dataran Tinggi. Akta Agrosia, 19(2), 93–103.
Nurfajrin, A. R., & Waluyo, B. (2021). Analisis Keragaman Morfologi dan filogenetik Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 9(3), 183–193.
Okasa, A. M., Sjahril, R., & Riadi, M. (2021). Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Components in Toraja Land-race Aromatic Rice Mutants Induced by Heavy Ion Beam. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 20(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2021.406.413
Peña-Lomelí, A., Molina-Galán, J. D., Sahagún-Castellanos, J., Ortiz-Cereceres, J., Márquez-Sánchez, F., Cervantes-Santana, T., & Hernández-Santiguillo, J. . (2008). Parámetros Genéticos en la Variedad CHF1 Chapingo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 14(1), 5–11.
Peña-Lomelí, A., Ponce-Valerio, J., Sánchez-del-Castillo, F., & Magaña-Lira, N. (2014). Desempeño Agronómico de Variedades de Tomate de Cáscara en Invernadero y Campo Abierto. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 37(4), 381–391.
Rengifo-Salgado, E., & Vargas-Arana, G. (2013). Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. Boletín Latinoamericano y Del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 12(5), 431–445. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/340215
Rukmi, K., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(2), 209–219.
Saavedra, J. C. M., Zaragoza, F. A. R., Toledo, D. C., Hernández, C. V. S., & Vargas-Ponce, O. (2019). Agromorphological Characterization of Wild and Weedy Populations of Physalis angulata in Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.055
Sadiyah, H., Soegianto, A., Waluyo, B., & Ashari, S. (2020). Short Communication: Preliminary Characterization of Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) from East Java Province, Indonesia Based on Morpho-Agronomic Traits. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(2), 759–769. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210244
Shandila, P., Zanetta, C. U., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Pengukuran Keragaman dan Identifikasi Aksesi Ciplukan (Cape gooseberry: Physalis peruviana L.) Hasil Seleksi Galur Murni Sebagai Buah Eksotis. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, Dan Daya Saing Global,” 1160–1168. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta.
Sharma, N., Bano, A., Dhaliwal, H. S., & Sharma, V. (2015). A Pharmacological Comprehensive Review on “Rassbhary” Physalis angulata (L.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(8), 34–38.
Silva, H. K. da, Passos, A. R., Schnadelbach, A. S., Moreira, R. F. C., Conceição, A. L. da S., & Lima, A. P. (2018). Selection of Morphoagronomic Descriptors in Physalis angulata L. Using Multivariate Techniques. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(1), 289. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p289
Singh, R. K., & Chaudhary, B. D. (1979). Biometrical Method In Quantitative Genetic Analysis. New Delhi: Kalyani Publisher.
Stansfield, W. D. (1991). Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Genetics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sun, C. P., Nie, X. F., Kang, N., Zhao, F., Chen, L. X., & Qiu, F. (2017). A New Phenol Glycoside from Physalis angulata. Natural Product Research, 31(9), 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1269102
Valdivia-Mares, L. E., Zaragoza, F. A. R., González, J. J. S., & Vargas-Ponce, O. (2016). Phenology, Agronomic and Nutritional Potential of Three Wild Husk Tomato Species (Physalis, Solanaceae) from Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae, 200, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.01.005
Waluyo, B., Zanetta, C. U., & Haesaert, G. (2019). Assessment of Variability, Heritability and Divergence of Ciplukan [Cutleaf Ground Cherry: (Physalis angulata L.)] to Increase Exotic Fruit Genetic Capacity in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture Supporting Sustainable Development Goals - ISH 2018 (Kuta, Bali, Indonesia 27-30 November 2018), 89–98. Bologna, Italy: Filodiritto Editore.
Widyaelina, E., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Seleksi Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem) untuk Hibridisasi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 7(2), 152–165.
Yu, Y., Sun, L., Ma, L., Li, J., Hu, L., & Liu, J. (2010). Investigation of the Immunosuppressive Activity of Physalin H on T lymphocytes. International Immunopharmacology, 10(3), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2009.11.013
Zanetta, C. U., Waluyo, B., & Haesaert, G. (2019). Exploitation of Variability and Genetic Divergence of Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot) as Tool for Further Breeding. Proceedings of the Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture Supporting Sustainable Development Goals - ISH 2018 (Kuta, Bali, Indonesia 27-30 November 2018), 58–65. Bologna, Italy: Filodiritto Editore.
Arifiana, N. B., & Sjamsijah, N. (2017). Respon Seleksi Tanaman F3 pada Beberapa Genotipe Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(1), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v1i1.10
Bos, I., & Caligari, P. (1995). Selection Methods in Plant Breeding (Vol. 38). London — Glasgow — Weinheim — New York — Tokyo — Melbourne — Madras: Chapman & Hall.
Effendy, Respatijarti, & Waluyo, B. (2018). Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Komponen Hasil dan Hasil Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Agro, 5(1), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.15575/1864
Faronny, D. I., Ardiarini, N. R., Zanetta, C. U., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Penampilan Karakter Ciplukan (Cutleaf Ground Cherry: Physalis angulata L.) Hasil Seleksi Galur Murni dari Populasi Lokal Sebagai Sumber Buah Eksotis. In R. R. R. Brotodjojo, D. A. Puspitaningrum, & R. A. Widodo (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, dan Daya Saing Global” (pp. 1169–1177). Yogyakarta: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta.
Fathurrahman, F., Nursanto, J., Madjid, A., & Ramadanil, R. (2016). Ethnobotanical Study of “Kaili Inde” Tribe in Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 28(5), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2015-06-463
Kearsey, M. J., & Pooni, H. S. (1996). The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. London: Chapman and Hall.
Kendra, K. V. (2014). Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies for Growth and Yield Characters in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops, 23(2), 170–177.
Khoiriyah, L. L., Waluyo, B., & Respatijarti. (2018). Hubungan Antar Karakter Komponen Hasil dengan Hasil pada Tanaman Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(12), 3116–3124.
Kumar, V., Sahay, S., Nirgude, V., Kumari, A., Singh, R. S., Mir, H., Mahesh, Shiv, S., & Kumar, V. (2017). Assessment of Genetic Variability Among Different Genotypes of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1735–1739. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1430
Lestari, L. D., Adiredjo, A. L., & Waluyo, B. (2018). Penampilan Fenotipik dan Analisa Korelasi pada 10 galur Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(12), 3039–3047.
Nagaraju, M. M., Reddy, R., Reddy, K. M., Naram, L., Rani, A. S., & Krishna, K. U. (2018). Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Quantitative, Qualitative Traits and ChLCV Resistance in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L .). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 1467–1472.
Novrika, D., Herison, C., & Fahrurrozi. (2016). Korelasi Antar Komponen Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Generatif dengan Hasil pada Delapan Belas Genotipe Gandum di Dataran Tinggi. Akta Agrosia, 19(2), 93–103.
Nurfajrin, A. R., & Waluyo, B. (2021). Analisis Keragaman Morfologi dan filogenetik Ciplukan (Physalis sp.). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 9(3), 183–193.
Okasa, A. M., Sjahril, R., & Riadi, M. (2021). Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield and Its Components in Toraja Land-race Aromatic Rice Mutants Induced by Heavy Ion Beam. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 20(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2021.406.413
Peña-Lomelí, A., Molina-Galán, J. D., Sahagún-Castellanos, J., Ortiz-Cereceres, J., Márquez-Sánchez, F., Cervantes-Santana, T., & Hernández-Santiguillo, J. . (2008). Parámetros Genéticos en la Variedad CHF1 Chapingo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.). Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 14(1), 5–11.
Peña-Lomelí, A., Ponce-Valerio, J., Sánchez-del-Castillo, F., & Magaña-Lira, N. (2014). Desempeño Agronómico de Variedades de Tomate de Cáscara en Invernadero y Campo Abierto. Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana, 37(4), 381–391.
Rengifo-Salgado, E., & Vargas-Arana, G. (2013). Physalis angulata L. (Bolsa Mullaca): a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. Boletín Latinoamericano y Del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 12(5), 431–445. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/340215
Rukmi, K., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Keragaman Genetik Aksesi Ciplukan (Physalis sp.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi dan Agronomi. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 7(2), 209–219.
Saavedra, J. C. M., Zaragoza, F. A. R., Toledo, D. C., Hernández, C. V. S., & Vargas-Ponce, O. (2019). Agromorphological Characterization of Wild and Weedy Populations of Physalis angulata in Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.055
Sadiyah, H., Soegianto, A., Waluyo, B., & Ashari, S. (2020). Short Communication: Preliminary Characterization of Groundcherry (Physalis angulata) from East Java Province, Indonesia Based on Morpho-Agronomic Traits. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(2), 759–769. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210244
Shandila, P., Zanetta, C. U., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Pengukuran Keragaman dan Identifikasi Aksesi Ciplukan (Cape gooseberry: Physalis peruviana L.) Hasil Seleksi Galur Murni Sebagai Buah Eksotis. Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pembangunan Pertanian Indonesia Dalam Memperkuat Lumbung Pangan, Fundamental Ekonomi, Dan Daya Saing Global,” 1160–1168. Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta.
Sharma, N., Bano, A., Dhaliwal, H. S., & Sharma, V. (2015). A Pharmacological Comprehensive Review on “Rassbhary” Physalis angulata (L.). International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7(8), 34–38.
Silva, H. K. da, Passos, A. R., Schnadelbach, A. S., Moreira, R. F. C., Conceição, A. L. da S., & Lima, A. P. (2018). Selection of Morphoagronomic Descriptors in Physalis angulata L. Using Multivariate Techniques. Journal of Agricultural Science, 11(1), 289. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n1p289
Singh, R. K., & Chaudhary, B. D. (1979). Biometrical Method In Quantitative Genetic Analysis. New Delhi: Kalyani Publisher.
Stansfield, W. D. (1991). Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Genetics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sun, C. P., Nie, X. F., Kang, N., Zhao, F., Chen, L. X., & Qiu, F. (2017). A New Phenol Glycoside from Physalis angulata. Natural Product Research, 31(9), 1059–1065. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2016.1269102
Valdivia-Mares, L. E., Zaragoza, F. A. R., González, J. J. S., & Vargas-Ponce, O. (2016). Phenology, Agronomic and Nutritional Potential of Three Wild Husk Tomato Species (Physalis, Solanaceae) from Mexico. Scientia Horticulturae, 200, 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.01.005
Waluyo, B., Zanetta, C. U., & Haesaert, G. (2019). Assessment of Variability, Heritability and Divergence of Ciplukan [Cutleaf Ground Cherry: (Physalis angulata L.)] to Increase Exotic Fruit Genetic Capacity in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture Supporting Sustainable Development Goals - ISH 2018 (Kuta, Bali, Indonesia 27-30 November 2018), 89–98. Bologna, Italy: Filodiritto Editore.
Widyaelina, E., & Waluyo, B. (2019). Seleksi Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem) untuk Hibridisasi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 7(2), 152–165.
Yu, Y., Sun, L., Ma, L., Li, J., Hu, L., & Liu, J. (2010). Investigation of the Immunosuppressive Activity of Physalin H on T lymphocytes. International Immunopharmacology, 10(3), 290–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2009.11.013
Zanetta, C. U., Waluyo, B., & Haesaert, G. (2019). Exploitation of Variability and Genetic Divergence of Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot) as Tool for Further Breeding. Proceedings of the Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Horticulture Supporting Sustainable Development Goals - ISH 2018 (Kuta, Bali, Indonesia 27-30 November 2018), 58–65. Bologna, Italy: Filodiritto Editore.
Diterbitkan sejak
03-06-2022
Rekomendasi Sitasi
Novita, S., Purnamaningsih, S., Khairiyah, L., & Waluyo, B. (2022). Seleksi Kegenjahan dan Hasil Tinggi pada Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Berdasarkan Nilai Kemajuan Genetik. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 10(1), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v10i1.396
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