Analisis Kualitas Air Di Perairan Danau Waren, Tual
Danau Waren, DO, kualitas air, N dan P, suhu
Abstrak
Danau Taman Anggrek, atau Danau Waren, terletak di Kota Tual, Maluku, dan memiliki potensi menarik baik dibidang perikanan ataupun pariwisata. Kualitas air danau, yang berdampak pada fungsi ekologis dan kesehatan ekosistem, dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia baik yang bersifat autochthonous ataupun Allochthonous. Kualitas air yang buruk, ditandai dengan rendahnya DO dan tingginya konsentrasi N dan P, dapat menyebabkan kematian massal ikan. Penyebab utama penurunan kualitas air adalah pencemaran yang menyebabkan terjadinya eutrofikasi. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk pemantauan kualitas air dan pemeliharaan keseimbangan ekosistem, serta sebagai dasar regulasi terkait pencemaran dan program restorasi untuk mencegah kerusakan ekosistem danau. Pengamatan dilakukan selama enam minggu di Danau Waren, Tual, dengan pengambilan sampel di lima stasiun berdasarkan letak inlet, outlet, dan tengah perairan. Parameter fisika seperti suhu, kecerahan, dan kecepatan arus serta parameter kimia lainnya diukur baik secara in situ maupun ex situ. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air di Danau Waren cukup baik, memenuhi standar PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021 untuk kegiatan perikanan. Rentang nilai parameter fisika (suhu 30,9 - 31,25 oC; kecerahan 2 – 4 m; dan kecepatan arus 0,01 – 0,23 m/s) dan kimia (DO 5,2 – 5,8 mg/L; pH 7,46 – 8,13; nitrit dan nitrat masing-masing <0,1 mg/L; amonia <0,15 mg/L; TP <0,01 mg/L) berada di bawah ambang batas. Kondisi ini memungkinkan untuk dilakukan pengembangan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya perairan untuk kegiatan perikanan dan wisata edukasi, yang bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal dan konservasi ekosistem danau yang berkelanjutan.
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Referensi
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Camargo, J. A., & Alonso, Á. (2006). Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment. Environment International, 32(6), 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2006.05.002
Correll, D. L. (1998). The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: a review. Journal of Enviromental Quality, 27(2), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020004x
Couturier, M., Prairie, Y. T., Paterson, A. M., Emilson, E. J. S., & Giorgio, P. A. (2022). Long‐term trends in PCO2 in lake surface water following rebrowning. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl097973
Donald, D. B., Bogard, M. J., Finlay, K., & Leavitt, P. R. (2011). Comparative effects of urea, ammonium, and nitrate on phytoplankton abundance, community composition, and toxicity in hypereutrophic freshwaters. Limnol. Oceanogr, 56(6), 2161–2175. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2161
Dubany, U., Sailaja, A., & Savitha, B. (2024). Inland fisheries in Telangana, India: current status and perspectives. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(12), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i122668
Effendie, M. I. (2002). Biologi Perikanan (2nd ed.). Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama.
Fitrinawati, H., Syahailatua, D. Y., & Utami, E. S. (2024). Growth performance of clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in Maluku at optimum salinity. Omni-Akuatika, 20(1), 1–10.
Fitrinawati, H., & Utami, E. S. (2023). Growth performance of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) in floating cage system, Tual, Maluku. Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation, 7(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.33772/jsipi.v7i2.430
Hisyam, M., & Sumardi, S. R. (2024). Perbandingan sebaran temporal kualitas air laut Teluk Youtefa. ACROPORA: Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Dan Perikanan Papua, 7(2), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.31957/acr.v7i2.4156
Holtgrieve, G. W., Arias, M. E., Irvine, K. N., Lamberts, D., Ward, E. J., Kummu, M., Koponen, J., Sarkkula, J., & Richey, J. E. (2013). Patterns of ecosystem metabolism in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia with links to capture fisheries. PLoS ONE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071395
Jankowski, K. J., Mejia, F., Blaszczak, J. R., & Holtgrieve, G. W. (2021). Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a tool in environmental management. WIREs Water, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1521
Kurniadie, D., Rezkia, N. N., Widayat, D., Widiawan, A. B., Duy, L., & Prabowo, D. P. (2023). Control of aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes using florpyrauxifen-benzyl herbicide—case study in Cangkuang Lake (Indonesia). Water, 15(10), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101859
Lano, I. H., Ngangi, E. L. A., & Lasut, M. T. (2019). Environmental condition to fish culture using floating cage in Manalu Cluster, Sangihe Islands regency. Aquatic Science & Management, 6(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.35800/jasm.6.2.2018.24839
Manurung, N. D., Kondoy, K. I. F., Rondonuwu, A. B., Wantasen, A. S., Mantiri, R. O. S. E., & Manengkey, H. W. (2022). Structure of the seagrass community in Meras Beach, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 10(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i1.37826
Meyer‐Jacob, C., Michelutti, N., Paterson, A. M., Cumming, B. F., Keller, W., & Smol, J. P. (2019). The browning and re-browning of lakes: divergent lake-water organic carbon trends linked to acid deposition and climate change. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52912-0
Muarif, M. (2016). Karakteristik suhu perairan di kolam budidaya perikanan. Jurnal Mina Sains, 2(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.30997/jms.v2i2.444
Ochwada‐Doyle, F. A., Stark, K., Hughes, J. M., Murphy, J. T., Lowry, M. B., & West, L. (2021). Temporal and regional variation in catch across an extensive coastal recreational fishery: exploring the utility of survey methods to guide and assess spatio-temporal management initiatives. Plos One, 16(7), e0254388. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254388
Olsson, H. (1990). Phosphatase activity in relation to phytoplankton composition and pH in Swedish lakes. Freshwater Biology, 23, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2427.1990.TB00277.X
Pemerintah Kota Tual. (2023). Rencana Pembangunan Daerah Kota Tual Tahun 2024-2026 (p. 233).
Peraturan Pemerintah RI. (2021). PP RI Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PP No. 22 Tahun 2021) (p. 7). Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.
Pilla, R. M., Williamson, C. E., Zhang, J., Smyth, R. L., Lenters, J. D., Brentrup, J. A., & Fisher, T. J. (2018). Browning‐related decreases in water transparency lead to long‐term increases in surface water temperature and thermal stratification in two small lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jg004321
Quirós, R. (2003). The relationship between nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the pelagic zone of lakes. Limnetica, 22(1–2), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.22.03
Rahmah, N., Zulfikar, A., & Apriadi, T. (2022). Kelimpahan fitoplankton dan kaitannya dengan beberapa parameter lingkungan perairan di Estuari Sei Carang Kota Tanjungpinang. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i2.32945
Ren, L., Jeppesen, E., He, D., Wang, J., Liboriussen, L., Xing, P., & Wu, Q. L. (2015). pH influences the importance of niche-related and neutral processes in lacustrine bacterioplankton assembly. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81, 3104-3114. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04042-14
Reynolds, C. S. (2006). The Ecology of Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press.
Said, M. D. F. A., Kasim, M., & Salwiyah, S. (2024). Study of phytoplankton as bioindicators of organic matter pollution levels in the estuary of Kendari Bay waters. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE, 10(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v10i1.27330
Singh, P., Haritash, A. K., & Joshi, H. (2020). Phosphate dynamics in a sub-tropical lake ecosystem. EGU General Assembly 2020. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12727
Swanner, E., Harding, C., Akam, S., Lascu, I., Ledesma, G., Poudel, P., Sun, H., Duncanson, S., Bandy, K., Branham, A., Bryant-Tapper, L., Conwell, T., Jamison, O., & Netz, L. (2023). Thermal stratification and meromixis in four dilute temperate zone lakes. Biogeosciences, 21, 1549–1562. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1549-2024, 2024
Utami, E. S. (2016). Vertical Distribution of temperature and dissolved oxygen related to floating cage activitiy in Cirata Reservoir, West Java. IPB.
Utami, E. S., & Fitrinawati, H. (2025). Status kesuburan berdasarkan fitoplankton di perairan Danau Waren, Tual. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 13–28.
Utami, E. S., Hariyadi, S., Effendi, H., Kamal, M. M., & Bengtson, D. A. (2016). Vertical temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution related to floating cage activity in Cirata Reservoir, West Java. ASIAN-PACIFIC AQUACULTURE 2016.
Utami, E. S., & Ivan’s, E. (2022). Analisis unsur hara N dan P serta tingkat kemiripan antar Lokasi KJA dan Non KJA di perairan Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. Open Science and Technology, 2(1), 33–40.
Utami, E. S., & Ningrum, C. P. (2022). Karakteristik distribusi COD terkait aktivitas KJA di perairan Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam, 4(2), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v4i2.11510
Velasco-Blanco, G., Re, A. D., Díaz, F., Ibarra-Castro, L., Abdo de la Parra, M. I., Rodríguez-Ibarra, L. E., & Rosas, C. (2019). Thermal preference, tolerance, and thermal aerobic scope in clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris (Cuvier, 1830) predict its aquaculture potential across tropical regions. International Aquatic Research, 11(2), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-019-0228-7
Williamson, C. E., Overholt, E. P., Pilla, R. M., Leach, T. H., Brentrup, J. A., Knoll, L. B., Mette, E. M., & Moeller, R. E. (2015). Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes. Scientific Reports, 5(1)., 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18666
Ye, R., Shan, K., Gao, H., Zhang, R., Xiong, W., Wang, Y., & Qian, X. (2015). Spatio-temporal distribution patterns in environmental factors, chlorophyll-a and microcystins in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505155
Camargo, J. A., & Alonso, Á. (2006). Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment. Environment International, 32(6), 831–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVINT.2006.05.002
Correll, D. L. (1998). The role of phosphorus in the eutrophication of receiving waters: a review. Journal of Enviromental Quality, 27(2), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1998.00472425002700020004x
Couturier, M., Prairie, Y. T., Paterson, A. M., Emilson, E. J. S., & Giorgio, P. A. (2022). Long‐term trends in PCO2 in lake surface water following rebrowning. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022gl097973
Donald, D. B., Bogard, M. J., Finlay, K., & Leavitt, P. R. (2011). Comparative effects of urea, ammonium, and nitrate on phytoplankton abundance, community composition, and toxicity in hypereutrophic freshwaters. Limnol. Oceanogr, 56(6), 2161–2175. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2161
Dubany, U., Sailaja, A., & Savitha, B. (2024). Inland fisheries in Telangana, India: current status and perspectives. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(12), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i122668
Effendie, M. I. (2002). Biologi Perikanan (2nd ed.). Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama.
Fitrinawati, H., Syahailatua, D. Y., & Utami, E. S. (2024). Growth performance of clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in Maluku at optimum salinity. Omni-Akuatika, 20(1), 1–10.
Fitrinawati, H., & Utami, E. S. (2023). Growth performance of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) in floating cage system, Tual, Maluku. Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation, 7(2), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.33772/jsipi.v7i2.430
Hisyam, M., & Sumardi, S. R. (2024). Perbandingan sebaran temporal kualitas air laut Teluk Youtefa. ACROPORA: Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Dan Perikanan Papua, 7(2), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.31957/acr.v7i2.4156
Holtgrieve, G. W., Arias, M. E., Irvine, K. N., Lamberts, D., Ward, E. J., Kummu, M., Koponen, J., Sarkkula, J., & Richey, J. E. (2013). Patterns of ecosystem metabolism in the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia with links to capture fisheries. PLoS ONE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071395
Jankowski, K. J., Mejia, F., Blaszczak, J. R., & Holtgrieve, G. W. (2021). Aquatic ecosystem metabolism as a tool in environmental management. WIREs Water, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1521
Kurniadie, D., Rezkia, N. N., Widayat, D., Widiawan, A. B., Duy, L., & Prabowo, D. P. (2023). Control of aquatic weed Eichhornia crassipes using florpyrauxifen-benzyl herbicide—case study in Cangkuang Lake (Indonesia). Water, 15(10), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101859
Lano, I. H., Ngangi, E. L. A., & Lasut, M. T. (2019). Environmental condition to fish culture using floating cage in Manalu Cluster, Sangihe Islands regency. Aquatic Science & Management, 6(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.35800/jasm.6.2.2018.24839
Manurung, N. D., Kondoy, K. I. F., Rondonuwu, A. B., Wantasen, A. S., Mantiri, R. O. S. E., & Manengkey, H. W. (2022). Structure of the seagrass community in Meras Beach, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX, 10(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i1.37826
Meyer‐Jacob, C., Michelutti, N., Paterson, A. M., Cumming, B. F., Keller, W., & Smol, J. P. (2019). The browning and re-browning of lakes: divergent lake-water organic carbon trends linked to acid deposition and climate change. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52912-0
Muarif, M. (2016). Karakteristik suhu perairan di kolam budidaya perikanan. Jurnal Mina Sains, 2(2), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.30997/jms.v2i2.444
Ochwada‐Doyle, F. A., Stark, K., Hughes, J. M., Murphy, J. T., Lowry, M. B., & West, L. (2021). Temporal and regional variation in catch across an extensive coastal recreational fishery: exploring the utility of survey methods to guide and assess spatio-temporal management initiatives. Plos One, 16(7), e0254388. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254388
Olsson, H. (1990). Phosphatase activity in relation to phytoplankton composition and pH in Swedish lakes. Freshwater Biology, 23, 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2427.1990.TB00277.X
Pemerintah Kota Tual. (2023). Rencana Pembangunan Daerah Kota Tual Tahun 2024-2026 (p. 233).
Peraturan Pemerintah RI. (2021). PP RI Tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (PP No. 22 Tahun 2021) (p. 7). Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.
Pilla, R. M., Williamson, C. E., Zhang, J., Smyth, R. L., Lenters, J. D., Brentrup, J. A., & Fisher, T. J. (2018). Browning‐related decreases in water transparency lead to long‐term increases in surface water temperature and thermal stratification in two small lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 123(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2017jg004321
Quirós, R. (2003). The relationship between nitrate and ammonia concentrations in the pelagic zone of lakes. Limnetica, 22(1–2), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.23818/limn.22.03
Rahmah, N., Zulfikar, A., & Apriadi, T. (2022). Kelimpahan fitoplankton dan kaitannya dengan beberapa parameter lingkungan perairan di Estuari Sei Carang Kota Tanjungpinang. Journal of Marine Research, 11(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v11i2.32945
Ren, L., Jeppesen, E., He, D., Wang, J., Liboriussen, L., Xing, P., & Wu, Q. L. (2015). pH influences the importance of niche-related and neutral processes in lacustrine bacterioplankton assembly. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 81, 3104-3114. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04042-14
Reynolds, C. S. (2006). The Ecology of Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press.
Said, M. D. F. A., Kasim, M., & Salwiyah, S. (2024). Study of phytoplankton as bioindicators of organic matter pollution levels in the estuary of Kendari Bay waters. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE, 10(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.20956/jiks.v10i1.27330
Singh, P., Haritash, A. K., & Joshi, H. (2020). Phosphate dynamics in a sub-tropical lake ecosystem. EGU General Assembly 2020. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12727
Swanner, E., Harding, C., Akam, S., Lascu, I., Ledesma, G., Poudel, P., Sun, H., Duncanson, S., Bandy, K., Branham, A., Bryant-Tapper, L., Conwell, T., Jamison, O., & Netz, L. (2023). Thermal stratification and meromixis in four dilute temperate zone lakes. Biogeosciences, 21, 1549–1562. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1549-2024, 2024
Utami, E. S. (2016). Vertical Distribution of temperature and dissolved oxygen related to floating cage activitiy in Cirata Reservoir, West Java. IPB.
Utami, E. S., & Fitrinawati, H. (2025). Status kesuburan berdasarkan fitoplankton di perairan Danau Waren, Tual. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 13–28.
Utami, E. S., Hariyadi, S., Effendi, H., Kamal, M. M., & Bengtson, D. A. (2016). Vertical temperature and dissolved oxygen distribution related to floating cage activity in Cirata Reservoir, West Java. ASIAN-PACIFIC AQUACULTURE 2016.
Utami, E. S., & Ivan’s, E. (2022). Analisis unsur hara N dan P serta tingkat kemiripan antar Lokasi KJA dan Non KJA di perairan Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. Open Science and Technology, 2(1), 33–40.
Utami, E. S., & Ningrum, C. P. (2022). Karakteristik distribusi COD terkait aktivitas KJA di perairan Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam, 4(2), 121–128. https://doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v4i2.11510
Velasco-Blanco, G., Re, A. D., Díaz, F., Ibarra-Castro, L., Abdo de la Parra, M. I., Rodríguez-Ibarra, L. E., & Rosas, C. (2019). Thermal preference, tolerance, and thermal aerobic scope in clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris (Cuvier, 1830) predict its aquaculture potential across tropical regions. International Aquatic Research, 11(2), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40071-019-0228-7
Williamson, C. E., Overholt, E. P., Pilla, R. M., Leach, T. H., Brentrup, J. A., Knoll, L. B., Mette, E. M., & Moeller, R. E. (2015). Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes. Scientific Reports, 5(1)., 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18666
Ye, R., Shan, K., Gao, H., Zhang, R., Xiong, W., Wang, Y., & Qian, X. (2015). Spatio-temporal distribution patterns in environmental factors, chlorophyll-a and microcystins in a large shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505155
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31-12-2025
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Fitrinawati, H., Afdan, C., & Utami, E. (2025). Analisis Kualitas Air Di Perairan Danau Waren, Tual. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(2). Diambil dari https://ojs.stiperkutim.ac.id/index.php/jpt/article/view/711
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